结论:这篇综述全面阐明了玉米的抗旱机制。对全球粮食安全至关重要。它强调了遗传网络,关键基因,CRISPR-Cas应用程序,和生理反应,引导弹性品种发展。玉米,一种全球重要的作物,面对干旱压力的普遍挑战,显著影响其生长和产量。干旱,一种重要的非生物胁迫,引发一系列包括玉米形态的变化,生物化学,和生理尺寸。解开和理解这些机制对于确保全球粮食安全至关重要。诸如开发耐旱品种以及利用基因组和分子应用之类的方法成为减轻干旱负面影响的有效措施。玉米耐旱性的多面性已通过复杂的遗传网络展开。此外,数量性状基因座作图和全基因组关联研究查明了与耐旱性相关的关键基因,影响形态生理性状和产量。此外,ZmHsf28、ZmNAC20和ZmNF-YA1等转录因子通过激素信号在干旱反应中发挥关键作用,气孔调节,和基因表达。基因,如ZmSAG39,ZmRAFS,据报道,ZmBSK1和ZmBSK1在通过多种机制增强耐旱性方面至关重要。集成CRISPR-Cas9技术,靶向基因如gl2和ZmHDT103,出现作为精确的遗传增强的关键,强调其在普遍干旱挑战中维护全球粮食安全的作用。因此,解码玉米耐旱性的遗传和分子基础,揭示了玉米的抗旱性,并为培育健壮和气候智能品种铺平了道路,从而在气候挑战中维护全球粮食安全。这篇全面的综述涵盖了数量性状基因座定位,全基因组关联研究,关键基因和功能,CRISPR-Cas应用程序,转录因子,生理反应,信号通路,对玉米耐旱性涉及的复杂机制提供了细致入微的理解。
CONCLUSIONS: This review comprehensively elucidates maize drought tolerance mechanisms, vital for global food security. It highlights genetic networks, key genes, CRISPR-Cas applications, and physiological responses, guiding resilient variety development. Maize, a globally significant crop, confronts the pervasive challenge of drought stress, impacting its growth and yield significantly. Drought, an important abiotic stress, triggers a spectrum of alterations encompassing maize\'s morphological, biochemical, and physiological dimensions. Unraveling and understanding these mechanisms assumes paramount importance for ensuring global food security. Approaches like developing drought-tolerant varieties and harnessing genomic and molecular applications emerge as effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of drought. The multifaceted nature of drought tolerance in maize has been unfolded through complex genetic networks. Additionally, quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association studies pinpoint key genes associated with drought tolerance, influencing morphophysiological traits and yield. Furthermore, transcription factors like ZmHsf28, ZmNAC20, and ZmNF-YA1 play pivotal roles in drought response through hormone signaling, stomatal regulation, and gene expression. Genes, such as ZmSAG39, ZmRAFS, and ZmBSK1, have been reported to be pivotal in enhancing drought tolerance through diverse mechanisms. Integration of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, targeting genes like gl2 and ZmHDT103, emerges as crucial for precise genetic enhancement, highlighting its role in safeguarding global food security amid pervasive drought challenges. Thus, decoding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of drought tolerance in maize sheds light on its resilience and paves the way for cultivating robust and climate-smart varieties, thus safeguarding global food security amid climate challenges. This comprehensive review covers quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association studies, key genes and functions, CRISPR-Cas applications, transcription factors, physiological responses, signaling pathways, offering a nuanced understanding of intricate mechanisms involved in maize drought tolerance.