现有数据表明,多发性硬化症(pwMS)患者嗅觉受损的风险较高。我们调查了嗅觉功能障碍是否可以用作MS疾病标志物。这是一个横截面,病例对照研究。所有数据都是前瞻性地从171名参与者中收集的,115pwMS和56个对照(年龄和性别分层和匹配的患者),报告有气味的人,味道,和鼻呼吸,并完成了希腊验证的鼻塞(NOSE)问卷,鼻部症状QoL(SNOT-22),和嗅觉相关QoL(QOD)。用“Sniffin棒”(气味阈值(OT),歧视(OD),鉴定(OI)测试,和总TDI)。我们记录了pwMS疾病特征(扩展残疾状态量表-EDSS,疾病类型和持续时间),认知功能,情绪状态,疲劳,以及MS在日常活动中的影响。在30.8%的患者中检测到TDI<30.75(低血)。患者的OD和TDI评分明显低于对照组(分别为p=0.005和0.015)。低表达与疾病严重程度和持续时间相关。EDSS评分与OD(r=-0.299,p=0.001)、TDI(r=-0.242,p=0.01)呈负相关。病程与OD(r=-0.305,p=0.001,OI(r=-0.253,p=0.008)和TDI(r=-0.3,p=0.001)呈负相关。信息处理速度(SDMT)与OD相关,OT,和TDI(r=0.302,p=0.002;r=0.242,p=0.016;r=0.326,p=0.001)。MS的嗅觉功能随着疾病进展而变化。
Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case−control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 participants, 115 pwMS and 56 controls (age and sex stratified and matched to the patients), who reported smell, taste, and nasal breathing, and completed the Greek-validated questionnaires for nasal obstruction (NOSE), nasal-symptoms QoL (SNOT-22), and olfaction-associated QoL (QOD). The smell was assessed with the “Sniffin’ sticks” (odor threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) test, and total TDI). We recorded the pwMS disease characteristics (Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS, the disease type and duration), cognitive function, emotional status, fatigue, and impact of MS in everyday activities. A TDI < 30.75 (hyposmia) was detected in 30.8% of the patients. The patients’ OD and TDI scores were significantly lower than the controls’ (p = 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The hyposmia correlated with disease severity and duration. The EDSS score correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.299, p = 0.001) and TDI (r = −0.242, p = 0.01). The disease duration correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.305, p = 0.001, OI (r = −0.253, p = 0.008) and TDI (r = −0.3, p = 0.001). The information processing speed (SDMT) correlated with OD, OT, and TDI (r = 0.302, p = 0.002; r = 0.242, p = 0.016; r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The olfactory function is changing in MS in accordance with disease progression.