背景:儿童心理健康问题的患病率上升,青少年,年轻人已经成为一个不断升级的公共卫生问题,在全球范围内影响大约10%-20%的年轻人。积极心理学干预(PPI)可以作为强大的心理健康促进工具,以覆盖广泛的受众,否则可能会面临挑战。这种增加的机会将能够通过提高自我效能来预防精神障碍和促进广泛的福祉,从而支持实现具体目标。
目的:我们旨在对所有涉及儿童的随机对照试验和对照试验进行综合,青少年,和年轻人,包括临床和非临床人群,全面评估数字PPI在该年龄段的有效性。
方法:在9个电子数据库中进行文献检索直到2023年1月12日,灰色文献直到2023年4月之后,我们对35篇文章进行了系统的回顾,其中18人(51%)为荟萃分析提供数据。我们纳入了随机对照试验和主要基于网络的对照试验,数字,或以积极心理学框架为主要组成部分的基于智能手机的干预措施。研究包括平均年龄<35岁的参与者。PPI的结果被归类为幸福感指标(同情心,生活满意度,乐观,幸福,弹性,情绪调节和情绪意识,希望,正念,目的,生活质量,感恩,同理心,原谅,动机,和善良)和不适(抑郁,焦虑,压力,孤独,和倦怠)。PRISMA(系统审查和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南用于选择研究和数据提取。质量评估按照CONSORT(报告试验综合标准)指南进行。
结果:对于幸福结果,荟萃分析结果表明,PPI增强了目标感,感恩,和希望(对冲g=0.555),同情(对冲g=0.447),积极应对行为(对冲g=0.421),身体形象相关结果(对冲g=0.238),和积极的心态倾向(对冲g=0.304)。对于疾病结果,PPI降低了认知偏差(对冲g=-0.637),负面情绪和情绪(对冲g=-0.369),和应力水平(对冲g=-0.342)。值得注意的是,当考虑等待列表对照组与数字对照组相比时,发现更大的效应大小.漏斗图显示没有发表偏倚。荟萃回归分析显示,在包括年轻人在内的研究中,PPI对幸福感结果的影响大小往往更大。而对疾病结局没有发现具体影响.
结论:修订后的证据表明PPI有益于年轻人的健康并减轻不适症状。数字平台提供了一种独特的方式来解决他们的心理健康挑战,虽然不是没有限制。未来的研究应该探索它们如何满足年轻人的需求,并进一步研究哪些具体的PPI或干预措施组合对其他数字控制组最有益。
背景:PROSPERO国际系统评价前瞻性注册CRD42023420092;https://www.crd.约克。AC.uk/prospro/display_record.php?RecordID=420092。
BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of mental health issues in children, adolescents, and young adults has become an escalating public health issue, impacting approximately 10%-20% of young people on a global scale. Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) can act as powerful mental health promotion tools to reach wide-ranging audiences that might otherwise be challenging to access. This increased access would enable prevention of mental disorders and promotion of widespread well-being by enhancing self-efficacy, thereby supporting the achievement of tangible objectives.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of all randomized controlled trials and controlled trials involving children, adolescents, and young adults, encompassing both clinical and nonclinical populations, to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of digital PPIs in this age group.
METHODS: After a literature search in 9 electronic databases until January 12, 2023, and gray literature until April 2023, we carried out a systematic review of 35 articles, of which 18 (51%) provided data for the meta-analysis. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled trials mainly based on web-based, digital, or smartphone-based interventions using a positive psychology framework as the main component. Studies included participants with a mean age of <35 years. Outcomes of PPIs were classified into indicators of well-being (compassion, life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, resilience, emotion regulation and emotion awareness, hope, mindfulness, purpose, quality of life, gratitude, empathy, forgiveness, motivation, and kindness) and ill-being (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and burnout). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for the selection of studies and data extraction. Quality assessment was performed following the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines.
RESULTS: For well-being outcomes, meta-analytic results showed that PPIs augmented the feeling of purpose, gratitude, and hope (Hedges g=0.555), compassion (Hedges g=0.447), positive coping behaviors (Hedges g=0.421), body image-related outcomes (Hedges g=0.238), and positive mindset predisposition (Hedges g=0.304). For ill-being outcomes, PPIs reduced cognitive biases (Hedges g=-0.637), negative emotions and mood (Hedges g=-0.369), and stress levels (Hedges g=-0.342). Of note, larger effect sizes were found when a waiting list control group was considered versus a digital control group. A funnel plot showed no publication bias. Meta-regression analyses showed that PPIs tended to show a larger effect size on well-being outcomes in studies including young adults, whereas no specific effect was found for ill-being outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Revised evidence suggests that PPIs benefit young people\'s well-being and mitigate ill-being symptoms. Digital platforms offer a unique way to address their mental health challenges, although not without limitations. Future research should explore how they work for the needs of the young population and further examine what specific PPIs or combination of interventions is most beneficial with respect to other digital control groups.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023420092; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=420092.