Sharing experiences with racism (racial discrimination disclosure) has the power to raise awareness of discrimination and spur meaningful conversations about race. Sharing these experiences with racism on social media may prompt a range of responses among users. While previous work investigates how disclosure impacts disclosers and listeners, we extend this research to explore the impact of observing discussions about racial discrimination online-what we call vicarious race talk. In a series of experiments using real social media posts, we show that the initial response to racial discrimination disclosure-whether the response denies or validates the poster\'s perspective-influences observers\' own perceptions and attitudes. Despite observers identifying denial as less supportive than validation, those who observed a denial response showed less responsive attitudes toward the poster/target (Studies 1-3) and less support for discussions about discrimination on social media in general (Studies 2-3). Exploratory findings revealed that those who viewed denial comments also judged the transgressor as less racist, and expressed less support and more denial in their own comments. This suggests that even as observers negatively judge denial, their perceptions of the poster are nonetheless negatively influenced, and this impact extends to devaluing the topic of discrimination broadly. We highlight the context of social media, where racial discrimination disclosure-and how people respond to it-may be particularly consequential.

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In the following casuistry, a denied advanced pregnancy was discovered during the diagnosis of an oncological disease. Faced with a life-threatening condition, the patient urged late termination of the pregnancy and was introduced to psychological counselling in order to find a viable and ethically justifiable solution. Strategies for crisis intervention and supportive approaches in the patient\'s care as well as interdisciplinary collaboration are presented and discussed.
In der folgenden Kasuistik wurde während der Diagnosestellung einer onkologischen Erkrankung eine verleugnete, fortgeschrittene Schwangerschaft entdeckt. Angesichts der Lebensbedrohung drängte die Patientin auf einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch und wurde in der psychologischen Beratung vorgestellt, um eine tragbare und ethisch vertretbare Lösung zu finden. Strategien zur Krisenintervention und supportive Vorgehensweisen in der Begleitung der Patientin sowie die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study. SITE: Family Medicine Unit No. 53 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in the State of Guanajuato.
METHODS: A total of 354 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited, of whom 236 corresponded to the group without therapeutic adherence and 118 to the group with therapeutic adherence.
METHODS: Two structured surveys were administered to both groups.
METHODS: The Morisky 8 scale was used to measure therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief scale (EFD-66) to measure grief due to loss of health.
RESULTS: The median denial phase and depression phase scores were higher in the nonadherence group than in the adherence group (p=.000). The median negotiation phase and acceptance phase score was higher in the adherence group than in the nonadherence group (p=.000). Multivariate analysis identifies that denial is the main factor associated with non-adherence (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37); while negotiation (OR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and acceptance are associated with adherence (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.83).
CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between therapeutic adherence and phases of grief.

Despite scientific consensus on climate change, climate denial is still widespread. While much research has characterised climate denial, comparatively fewer studies have systematically examined how to counteract it. This review fills this gap by exploring the research about counteracting climate denial, the effectiveness and the intentions behind intervention. Through a systematic selection and analysis of 65 scientific articles, this review finds multiple intervention forms, including education, message framing and inoculation. The intentions of intervening range from changing understanding of climate science, science advocacy, influencing mitigation attitudes and counteracting vested industry. A number of divergent findings emerge: whether to separate science from policy; the disputed effects of emotions and the longitudinal impacts of interventions. The review offers guiding questions for those interested in counteracting denialism, the answers to which indicate particular strategies: identify the form of climate denial; consider the purpose of intervention and recognise one\'s relationship to their audiences.

BACKGROUND: Limited knowledge exists regarding patients\' denial of myocardial infarction (MI) before hospitalization for an MI.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of denial of MI in the prehospital phase of a confirmed MI.
METHODS: This secondary analysis included 166 hospitalized patients (mean [SD] age, 54.1 [10.5] years) who developed MI outside a healthcare facility and had high congruence between their experienced and expected symptoms. Measurements included the Denial subscale of the Brief COPE Inventory, the modified Response to Symptoms Questionnaire, and a Likert scale measuring perceived risk for MI. Patients who arrived at a hospital at least 1 hour after the onset of their symptoms were considered to have prolonged prehospital delay.
RESULTS: Despite their high symptom congruence, 77% of patients denied the possibility of having an MI before hospitalization. The lower denial group was characterized by cardiac history, whereas the higher denial group was distinguished by nonsmoking, a lower perceived risk of MI, less anxiety at symptom onset, and more concerns about seeking medical help. Compared with the lower denial group, patients in the higher denial group were more likely to underestimate the seriousness of their symptoms and delay seeking medical help. The higher denial group responded to symptoms in a more passive manner (eg, waiting), whereas the lower denial group showed a more problem-solving approach (eg, contacting emergency services).
CONCLUSIONS: Denial of MI is highly prevalent in the prehospital phase and is negatively linked with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to MI symptoms.

Intimate partner abuse (IPA) is widespread, and denial, minimization, justifying, and blaming (DMJB) are common among people who have committed IPA. Views on the function of DMJB in IPA are mixed, often based on the theoretical standpoint of the authors. This systematic review brings together the knowledge of how distorted accounts operate in IPA committed by men. A systematic review of primary research related to DMJB in heterosexual men who have committed to IPA was conducted. In all, 31 papers were found to meet the inclusion criteria (adult, male-to-female abuse, in western culture, peer reviewed and published in English) and were quality appraised. Data were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis. The findings indicate the way DMJB operates in this group is complex. It can represent facilitators of abusive behavior, a way to protect the individual\'s identity and self-esteem, and a tool men use instrumentally to achieve goals. Themes were present within and between studies highlighting the complex function of DMJB. A model representing the hypothesized intertwined function of DMJB for IPA is proposed. The limitations of the review are discussed and implications and recommendations for policy, practice, and future research are proposed.

Illness denial pertains to medical patients who do not acknowledge the presence or severity of their disease or the need of treatment.
This systematic review was performed to clarify the clinical role and manifestations of illness denial, its impact on health attitudes and behavior, as well as on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with medical disorders.
The systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
The initial search yielded a total of 14,098 articles; 176 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Illness denial appeared to be a relatively common condition affecting a wide spectrum of health attitudes and behavior. In some cases, it may help a person cope with various stages of illness and treatment. In other situations, it may determine delay in seeking treatment, impaired adherence, and reduced self-management, leading to adverse outcomes. The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) were found to set a useful severity threshold for the condition. An important clinical distinction can also be made based on the DCPR for illness denial, which require the assessment of whether the patient has been provided with an adequate appraisal of the medical situation.
This systematic review indicates that patients with medical disorders experience and express illness denial in many forms and with varying degrees of severity. The findings suggest the need for a multidimensional assessment and provide challenging insights into the management of medical disorders.

While denial of pregnancy and neonaticide are rare, they are potentially associated and share some risk factors. Neonaticide has been proposed as the extreme outcome of a denial of pregnancy. However, the process leading to such a possible outcome is not yet fully understood. The primary goal of this essay is to examine the various definitions and ambiguities surrounding the denial of pregnancy. The case of a young woman with a history of two denied pregnancies with diverse characteristics and outcomes, the latest of which resulted in neonaticide, is then reported and examined. A forensic psychiatric evaluation was also performed to reconstruct the woman\'s mental state at the time of the crime. The forensic pathological analysis of the newborn, abandoned near the sea while still alive, is described. The victim\'s body showed signs of shaken baby syndrome. We contend that differing levels of awareness during a denial of pregnancy might not be predictive of the potential delivery outcome in terms of threat to the newborn\'s survival, according to the forensic pathological and psychopathological data of the current case. Early identification of women affected by denial of pregnancy who pose a danger of committing infanticide is hampered by both intrinsic traits (dissimulation, unawareness, low propensity to seek assistance) and environmental factors (isolation, low socioeconomic level, poor education.). A previous history of denial of pregnancy should activate health and support services to reduce the potential risks for the mother and the child.

OBJECTIVE: Peritraumatic dissociation (PD) and coping strategies (CS) around the time of trauma are significant predictors of acute and long-term posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS), but it is unclear how they relate to each other. The aim of this study was to examine their association using a nationwide, representative sample following the September 11 attacks in the United States (N = 3,134).
METHODS: We used exploratory and confirmatory network analyses to estimate reliable associations between PD and CS, as well as looking at those variables as predictors of PTS at 2, 6, and 12 months after the attack.
RESULTS: Analyses showed that: (a) PD formed 3 factors (alterations of consciousness, depersonalization, and compartmentalization) distinct from coping strategies; (b) PD related only to some CS; (c) coping through denial had a particularly strong link to alterations of consciousness among adults. Both altered consciousness and denial predicted PTS significantly 2, 6, and 12 months after the attack, with altered consciousness being the stronger predictor (and a better predictor of PTS than other types of PD). For teens, the only significant link between PD and CS was for compartmentalization and substance abuse.
CONCLUSIONS: PD and CS were related in adults and contributed independently to later PTS. Future research should evaluate longitudinally the interactions between specific types of PD and CS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).