■Kisspeptin,由KISS1基因编码的蛋白质,作为抑制肿瘤生长的重要因素。细胞过程如增殖和分化的复杂安排是由Notch1/Akt/Foxo1信号通路控制的,它在维持细胞稳态中起着核心作用。在这次调查的具体背景下,重点在于对kisspeptin对子宫内膜蜕膜化过程的调控作用的复杂机制的细致探索。本研究探讨了kisspeptin与Notch1/Akt/Foxo1信号通路之间的相互作用,旨在阐明其在复发性自然流产(RSA)的病理生理学中的意义。
■我们招募了一个由45名诊断为RSA的个体组成的队列,他们于2020年6月至2020年12月期间入住苏州大学附属第二医院生殖中心门诊。另一方面,还包括另外50名在同一时间段在计划生育部门门诊接受选择性堕胎的妇女。为了全面评估分子景观,采用Westernblot和RT-qPCR方法分析kisspeptin(及其基因KISS1)的表达水平,IGFBP1(确定的判定标记),Notch1,Akt,和蜕膜中的Foxo1。人子宫内膜基质细胞(hESC)给予针对性干预,包括用siRNA治疗以破坏KISS1或暴露于kisspeptin10(kisspeptin的生物活性片段),随后被指定为siKP组或KP10组,分别。对照组用空白siRNA转染hESC,用CCK8试验仔细评估细胞增殖。在三个实验组的体外诱导蜕膜化之后,进行免疫荧光分析以鉴定siKP组和KP10组之间Notch1表达和蜕膜化形态的差异.此外,进行RT-qPCR和Westernblot以测量IGFBP1,Notch1,Akt的表达水平,和Foxo1穿过三个细胞组。随后,通过添加靶向Notch1,Akt,Foxo1然后对上述四组蛋白和基因的表达谱进行检测,用hESC诱导蜕膜化,不添加抑制剂作为正常对照组。建立小鼠正常妊娠(NP)和RSA模型,使用CBA/J×BALB/c和CBA/J×DBA/2小鼠。将小鼠分别标记为NP模型和RSA模型。实验组接受腹膜内注射kisspeptin10和kisspeptin234(充当阻滞剂),并被指定为RSA-KP10和NP-KP234组。另一方面,对照组接受生理盐水(NS)腹腔注射,分别称为RSA-NS组和NP-NS组.每组6只小鼠,精心收集妊娠9.5天的胚胎和子宫组织,以观察胚胎吸收并检查上述蛋白质和基因的表达。
■分析表明,kisspeptin的表达水平,IGFBP1,Notch1,Akt,与NP女性相比,诊断为RSA的患者和Foxo1显着降低(kisspeptinP<0.01,IGFBP1,Notch1,Akt,和Foxo1)。在将kisspeptin10引入hESC之后,观察到蜕膜化能力增强。随后,Notch1、Akt、和Foxo1显示增加,但干扰KISS1后下降。通过免疫荧光分析,观察到增殖性hESC表现出细长的形态,但是它们在蜕膜化后转变为更圆更大的形态。同时,Notch1的表达增加,提示施用kisspeptin10后蜕膜化增强,但在干扰KISS1后表达降低。进一步的实验涉及用Notch1,Akt,和Foxo1分开,揭示Notch1/Akt/Foxo1的调控序列(P<0.05)。与NS组相比,给予kisspeptin234的NP小鼠表现出增加的胎儿吸收率(P<0.001)和降低的IGFBP1,Notch1,Akt的表达,和Foxo1(P<0.05)。相反,给予kisspeptin10的RSA小鼠表现出降低的胎儿吸收率(P<0.001)和增加的上述分子的表达水平(P<0.05)。
■提示kisspeptin可能通过调节Notch1/Akt/Foxo1信号级联对蜕膜化过程产生调节作用。kisspeptin表达水平的下调可能导致次优的蜕膜化,这反过来可能有助于RSA的发展或进展。
UNASSIGNED: Kisspeptin, a protein encoded by the KISS1 gene, functions as an essential factor in suppressing tumor growth. The intricate orchestration of cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation is governed by the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway, which assumes a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the specific context of this investigation, the focal point lies in a meticulous exploration of the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of kisspeptin on the process of endometrial decidualization. This investigation delves into the interplay between kisspeptin and the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway, aiming to elucidate its significance in the pathophysiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).
UNASSIGNED: We enrolled a cohort comprising 45 individuals diagnosed with RSA, who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Reproductive Center at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between June 2020 and December 2020. On the other hand, an additional group of 50 women undergoing elective abortion at the outpatient clinic of the Family Planning Department during the same timeframe was also included. To comprehensively assess the molecular landscape, Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the expression levels of kisspeptin (and its gene KISS1), IGFBP1 (an established marker of decidualization), Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 within the
decidua. Human endometrial stromal cells (hESC) were given targeted interventions, including treatment with siRNA to disrupt KISS1 or exposure to kisspeptin10 (the bioactive fragment of kisspeptin), and were subsequently designated as the siKP group or the KP10 group, respectively. A control group comprised hESC was transfected with blank siRNA, and cell proliferation was meticulously evaluated with CCK8 assay. Following in vitro induction for decidualization across the three experimental groups, immunofluorescence assay was performed to identify differences in Notch1 expression and decidualization morphology between the siKP and the KP10 groups. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to gauge the expression levels of IGFBP1, Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 across the three cell groups. Subsequently, decidualization was induced in hESC by adding inhibitors targeting Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1. The expression profiles of the aforementioned proteins and genes in the four groups were then examined, with hESC induced for decidualization without adding inhibitors serving as the normal control group. To establish murine models of normal pregnancy (NP) and RSA, CBA/J×BALB/c and CBA/J×DBA/2 mice were used. The mice were respectively labeled as the NP model and RSA model. The experimental groups received intraperitoneal injections of kisspeptin10 and kisspeptin234 (acting as a blocker) and were designated as RSA-KP10 and NP-KP234 groups. On the other hand, the control groups received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (NS) and were referred to as RSA-NS and NP-NS groups. Each group comprised 6 mice, and uterine tissues from embryos at 9.5 days of gestation were meticulously collected for observation of embryo absorption and examination of the expression of the aforementioned proteins and genes.
UNASSIGNED: The analysis revealed that the expression levels of kisspeptin, IGFBP1, Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 were significantly lower in patients diagnosed with RSA compared to those in women with NP (P<0.01 for kisspeptin and P<0.05 for IGFBP1, Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1). After the introduction of kisspeptin10 to hESC, there was an observed enhancement in decidualization capability. Subsequently, the expression levels of Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 showed an increase, but they decreased after interference with KISS1. Through immunofluorescence analysis, it was observed that proliferative hESC displayed a slender morphology, but they transitioned to a rounder and larger morphology post-decidualization. Concurrently, the expression of Notch1 increased, suggesting enhanced decidualization upon the administration of kisspeptin10, but the expression decreased after interference with KISS1. Further experimentation involved treating hESC with inhibitors specific to Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 separately, revealing a regulatory sequence of Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 (P<0.05). In comparison to the NS group, NP mice administered with kisspeptin234 exhibited increased fetal absorption rates (P<0.001) and decreased expression of IGFBP1, Notch1, Akt, and Foxo1 (P<0.05). Conversely, RSA mice administered with kisspeptin10 demonstrated decreased fetal absorption rates (P<0.001) and increased expression levels of the aforementioned molecules (P<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: It is suggested that kisspeptin might exert its regulatory influence on the process of decidualization through the modulation of the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling cascade. A down-regulation of the expression levels of kisspeptin could result in suboptimal decidualization, which in turn might contribute to the development or progression of RSA.