UNASSIGNED: Risedronate increases bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces fracture risk, but treatment response may depend on the baseline state of bone turnover. Data regarding the selection of therapeutic drugs or the prediction of therapeutic effects with baseline levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) as a reference are insufficient. We hypothesized that when the baseline levels of BTMs are higher, baseline BMD might be lower, changes in BMD at 12 months after risedronate treatment might be higher, and the reduction of fracture incidence might be greater. This study aimed to analyze the data of a phase III clinical trial of risedronate from Japan to investigate the relationships between baseline BTM levels and (1) baseline BMD, (2) changes in BMD at 12 months after the start of treatment, and (3) the incidence of new vertebral fractures.
UNASSIGNED: This post-hoc analysis included 788 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis whose baseline BTM levels as well as baseline and endpoint BMDs were measured. Relationships between baseline BTM levels and BMD at baseline and 12 months after risedronate treatment and new vertebral fractures were examined. One-way analysis of variance, two-tailed Student\'s t-test, and Fisher\'s exact test were used to analyze the data.
UNASSIGNED: Baseline BMD showed a significant upward trend when baseline BTM levels were lower in the analysis by tertiles. New vertebral fractures tended to occur in patients with prevalent vertebral fractures, but the relationship between new fractures and BTM levels was not statistically significant. Regardless of BTM types, BMD percentage increments (%) and increments (g/cm2) with the 12-month treatment were high when pretreatment BTM levels were high (P < 0.0001), and a >5.0% increase in BMD was observed even if baseline BTM levels were within the normal range. A new vertebral fracture occurred in only six patients (0.77%), and there was not enough statistical power to clarify the relationship between baseline BTM levels and fracture risk reduction.
UNASSIGNED: When pretreatment BTM levels increased, baseline BMD tended to be lower and the increase in BMD with 12-month risedronate treatment was higher. However, BMD could still be increased even if the baseline BTM levels are within the normal range. Combined with available evidence, baseline BTMs may not have an important role in deciding the optimal therapy. To elucidate the relationship between baseline BTM levels and long-term fracture risk, it will be necessary to conduct more large-scale studies with a longer follow-up period in severe osteoporotic patients with a high fracture risk.
UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the significance of baseline bone turnover markers in the response to risedronate treatment. The increase in the bone mineral density (BMD) with the 12-month treatment may be higher when the state of bone turnover at baseline is higher, and BMD could still be increased even if the baseline bone turnover is within the normal range.

Bone represents a common site of metastasis from several solid tumours, including breast, prostate and lung malignancies. The onset of bone metastases (BM) is associated not only with serious skeletal complications, but also shortened overall survival, owing to the lack of curative treatment options for late-stage cancer. Despite the diagnostic advances, BM detection often occurs in the symptomatic stage, underlining the need for novel strategies aimed at the early identification of high-risk patients. To this purpose, both bone turnover and tumour-derived markers are being investigated for their potential diagnostic, prognostic and predictive roles. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of BM in breast, prostate and lung tumours, while exploring the current research focused on the identification and clinical validation of BM biomarkers.