不同形状的自组装脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)纳米结构的研究,尺寸,由于其生物相容性,功能最近取得了快速进展,可编程性和稳定性。其中,基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构,通常是多臂DNA片,因其独特的结构刚度而得到广泛应用,空间灵活性,和细胞通透性。使用互补碱基配对的原理从多个单链DNA折叠基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构。它的形状和大小可以使用预设的支架股来确定,分段的碱基互补区域,和序列长度。所得的DNA纳米结构保留了所需的序列长度,以作为其他分子的结合位点,并在分子识别中获得令人满意的结果。空间取向,目标收购。因此,对基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构的广泛研究表明,它们可以用作生物传感领域的强大工具,以提高特异性,灵敏度,和准确性。在过去的几十年里,已经建立了各种设计策略和装配技术来提高稳定性,复杂性,功能,以及基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构在生物传感中的实际应用。在这次审查中,我们介绍了典型的基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构的结构设计策略和原理,包括三角形,四面体,明星,和网状DNA。然后,我们总结了基于三角形单元的DNA纳米结构的功能特性及其在生物传感中的应用。最后,我们批判性地讨论现有的挑战和未来的趋势。
Research on self-assembled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructures with different shapes, sizes, and functions has recently made rapid progress owing to its biocompatibility, programmability, and stability. Among these, triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures, which are typically multi-arm DNA tiles, have been widely applied because of their unique structural rigidity, spatial flexibility, and cell permeability. Triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures are folded from multiple single-stranded DNA using the principle of complementary base pairing. Its shape and size can be determined using pre-set scaffold strands, segmented base complementary regions, and sequence lengths. The resulting DNA nanostructures retain the desired sequence length to serve as binding sites for other molecules and obtain satisfactory results in molecular recognition, spatial orientation, and target acquisition. Therefore, extensive research on triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures has shown that they can be used as powerful tools in the biosensing field to improve specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Over the past few decades, various design strategies and assembly techniques have been established to improve the stability, complexity, functionality, and practical applications of triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures in biosensing. In this review, we introduce the structural design strategies and principles of typical triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures, including triangular, tetrahedral, star, and net-shaped DNA. We then summarize the functional properties of triangular unit-based DNA nanostructures and their applications in biosensing. Finally, we critically discuss the existing challenges and future trends.