沙子飞,Plebotomuspapatasi(Scopoli,1786),是中东利什曼原虫的主要载体,影响了人类健康和美国在该地区的军事行动,证明有必要开发有效的防砂和驱除方法。这里,我们报告了使用雌性P.papatasi测试Lippiagraveolens(墨西哥牛至)精油的静态空气嗅觉仪中的空间排斥和回避实验的结果,Pimentadioica(五香粉),Amyrisbalsamifera(amyris),Nepetacataria(猫薄荷),:和互叶白千层(茶树);9-12碳饱和脂肪酸(壬酸,癸酸,十一酸,和十二烷酸);以及合成驱避剂DEET和IR3535。以1%施用的材料表现出不同的活性水平,但与DEET和IR3535相比,平均驱避性和回避性没有显着差异,但壬酸除外。一些材料,特别是壬酸和十一酸,产生的沙蝇死亡率。观察到的平均驱避性随暴露时间的趋势包括:(1)杜松子松油,互花米草油,癸酸,十一酸,DEET,和IR3535表现出随着时间的推移增加的平均排斥性;(2)黑曲霉的油,A.balsamifera,M.piperita,随着时间的推移,和十二烷酸表现出相对恒定的平均驱避性;(3)graveolens油和壬酸表现出平均驱避性随时间的总体下降。这些研究确定了与DEET相比,在浓度降低的情况下,Cataria和balsamifera的精油是有效的空间驱避剂。需要进一步的研究来阐明驱避剂和精油成分的作用模式和潜在的协同作用,以增强驱避活性。
The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), is a major vector for Leishmania major in the Middle East, which has impacted human health and US military operations in the area, demonstrating the need to develop effective sand fly control and repellent options. Here, we report the results of spatial repellency and avoidance experiments in a static air olfactometer using the female P. papatasi testing essential oils of Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Pimenta dioica (allspice), Amyris balsamifera (amyris), Nepeta cataria (catnip), Mentha piperita (peppermint), and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree); the 9-12 carbon saturated fatty acids (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid); and the synthetic repellents
DEET and IR3535. The materials applied at 1% exhibited varying activity levels but were not significantly different in mean repellency and avoidance from
DEET and IR3535, except in regards to nonanoic acid. Some materials, particularly nonanoic and undecanoic acids, produced sand fly mortality. The observed trends in mean repellency over exposure time included the following: (1) P. dioica oil, M. alternifolia oil, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid,
DEET, and IR3535 exhibited increasing mean repellency over time; (2) oils of N. cataria, A. balsamifera, M. piperita, and dodecanoic acid exhibited relatively constant mean repellency over time; and (3) L. graveolens oil and nonanoic acid exhibited a general decrease in mean repellent activity over time. These studies identified the essential oils of N. cataria and A. balsamifera as effective spatial repellents at reduced concentrations compared to those of
DEET. Additional research is required to elucidate the modes of action and potential synergism of repellents and essential oil components for enhanced repellency activity.