背景:腺性膀胱炎(CG)是膀胱粘膜的增生性病变,CG发病率逐年上升。考虑到β-谷甾醇在CG中的潜在功能,我们的目的是了解CG的作用和机制。
方法:从CG患者中分离的原代人细胞,并根据需要进行转染,用不同浓度的β-谷甾醇处理。通过3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物测定法确定细胞活力,和transwell测定法用于测试细胞迁移。同时,采用免疫共沉淀来评估3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)与含NLR家族pyrin结构域3(NLRP3)之间的相互作用。此外,使用蛋白质印迹或定量实时逆转录聚合酶链反应测试了焦亡相关蛋白和HMGCR的表达。
结果:β-谷甾醇抑制细胞活力和迁移,细胞焦亡增强,并上调NLRP3、裂解的Caspase-1、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的表达,gasderminD-N-末端结构域(GSDMD-N),和CG原代细胞中的HMGCR(p<0.05)。HMGCR沉默促进细胞活力和迁移,抑制细胞焦亡,并下调NLRP3,裂解的Caspase-1,IL-1β,和GSDMD-N在β-谷甾醇影响的CG原代细胞中(p<0.05)。HMGCR与NLRP3相互作用。
结论:β-谷甾醇通过靶向HMGCR诱导NLRP3依赖性焦亡,减轻CG相关细胞的增殖和迁移。这些发现证实了β-谷甾醇治疗CG的疗效。
BACKGROUND: Cystitis glandularis (CG) is a proliferative lesion of the bladder mucosa, and the incidence rate of CG has increased year by year. Considering the potential function of β-sitosterol in CG, we aim to fathom its effect and mechanism of CG.
METHODS: Primary human cells isolated from CG patients and following transfection as needed, were treated with different concentrations of β-sitosterol. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and transwell assay was used to test the cell migration. Meanwhile, co-immunoprecipitation was employed to evaluate the interaction between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Additionally, pyroptosis-associated proteins and HMGCR expressions were tested using western blot or quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: β-sitosterol suppressed cell viability and migration, enhanced cell pyroptosis, and upregulated expressions of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gasdermin D-N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N), and HMGCR in CG primary cells (p < 0.05). HMGCR silencing promoted cell viability and migration, inhibited cell pyroptosis, and downregulated expressions of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N in β-sitosterol-affected CG primary cells (p < 0.05). HMGCR interacted with NLRP3.
CONCLUSIONS: β-sitosterol alleviates the proliferation and migration of CG-associated cells by targeting HMGCR to induce NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. These findings confirmed the therapeutic effect of β-sitosterol on treating CG.