BACKGROUND: Salivary gland cystadenoma (SGCA) is a rare benign tumor that predominantly occurs in the parotid gland. SGCAs affecting the minor salivary glands are uncommon and often resemble, clinically and histopathologically, other salivary gland lesions.
METHODS: This study aimed to describe a series of four cases of SGCA affecting intraoral sites and performed a literature review of well-reported SGCA published in the English-language literature.
RESULTS: SGCA cases included in this series were diagnosed in the buccal mucosa, lip, and hard palate of female patients aged between 19 and 78 years. All cases underwent excisional biopsy and were histologically characterized by a multicystic growth with variable degrees of capsule formation and were lined by several types of epithelium, including some cell types that are infrequently reported in SGCA. In some cases, a small collection of lymphocytes was observed adjacent to cystic formations. All SGCA were positive for periodic acid-Schiff, and immunohistochemical reactions were positive for CK7 and p63. The follow-up time ranged widely from 3 to 53 months, and to date, no recurrence has been observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature review revealed a total of 33 published studies accounting for 55 SGCA cases.

Hepatic cystadenoma is a rare disease, accounting for about 5% of all cystic lesions, with a high tendency of malignant transformation. The preoperative diagnosis of cystadenoma is difficult, and some cystadenomas are easily misdiagnosed as hepatic cysts at first. Hepatic cyst is a relatively common liver disease, most of which are benign, but large hepatic cysts can lead to pressure on the bile duct, resulting in abnormal liver function. To better understand the difference between the microenvironment of cystadenomas and hepatic cysts, we performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing on cystadenoma and hepatic cysts samples. In addition, we performed spatial transcriptome sequencing of hepatic cysts. Based on nucleus RNA-sequencing data, a total of seven major cell types were identified. Here we described the tumor microenvironment of cystadenomas and hepatic cysts, particularly the transcriptome signatures and regulators of immune cells and stromal cells. By inferring copy number variation, it was found that the malignant degree of hepatic stellate cells in cystadenoma was higher. Pseudotime trajectory analysis demonstrated dynamic transformation of hepatocytes in hepatic cysts and cystadenomas. Cystadenomas had higher immune infiltration than hepatic cysts, and T cells had a more complex regulatory mechanism in cystadenomas than hepatic cysts. Immunohistochemistry confirms a cystadenoma-specific T-cell immunoregulatory mechanism. These results provided a single-cell atlas of cystadenomas and hepatic cyst, revealed a more complex microenvironment in cystadenomas than in hepatic cysts, and provided new perspective for the molecular mechanisms of cystadenomas and hepatic cyst.

This article reports a case of an ovarian collision tumour consisting of an ovarian fibroma and a serous cystadenoma. A 60-year-old woman exhibited symptoms of post-menopausal bleeding and abdominal pain persisting for three months. Computerized tomography identified a solid mass with a cystic component in the right adnexa, and the patient underwent staging laparotomy. Gross examination of the right ovary revealed a cystic tumour with adjacent solid mass. The histopathological analysis identified a cystic mass that matched the characteristics of a serous cystadenoma, with an adjacent solid mass that matched the characteristics of a sex-cord stromal tumour, both located in the right ovary. Additionally, a small cyst that matched the characteristics of a serous cystadenoma was found in the left ovary. There have been only seven previously reported examples of this specific mix of ovarian tumours. Mostly affecting patients above 60 years of age, although tumour markers levels are normal, such cases may present with a complex clinical scenario, as in this case, and demand a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Caroli\'s disease is also known as Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and previously known as a congenital intrahepatic bile duct cyst; it is characterized by single or multiple intrahepatic cystic dilatations. In this article, we report a case of Caroli\'s disease (CT size 21.2 × 16.9 × 19.8 cm). Preoperative abdominal ultrasound and enhanced CT were misdiagnosed as biliary cystadenoma or hepatic echinococcosis, and finally diagnosed as Caroli\'s disease by postoperative histopathological examinations. Most of the disease is single or multiple cystic dilatation of small bile duct. Giant Caroli disease, cystic dilations with diameter >20 cm is very rarely seen in the clinic. The lack of experience of diagnosing giant cystic dilatation makes it difficult to make accurate diagnosis. Therefore, we analyze the causes of imaging misdiagnosis through this case report, and summarize the imaging diagnostic skills of the disease combined with relevant imaging diagnosis experience. The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of giant Caroli disease among imaging doctors so as to reduce the misdiagnosis of the disease in the future.

Cystadenomas are benign neoplasms found in major and minor salivary glands. In cases where both oncocytic cells and papillary architecture, without a lymphoid component, exist, the lesion is called oncocytic papillary cystadenoma (OPC). OPCs are rarely encountered in the laryngeal region and that is why they are usually misdiagnosed as other types of laryngeal tumors. Hereby, we present a case of a misdiagnosed laryngeal OPC in an attempt to raise awareness of this rare entity, both for the surgeon performing the excision of the laryngeal mass and for the pathologists examining the specimen.

暂无摘要。

Serous cystadenoma is a rare lesion in the para-testicular tissue, with even rarer reports of this entity occurring in the scrotum post-orchidopexy. We present such an occurrence, adding support for its existence as a distinct entity.

BACKGROUND: Apocrine cystadenoma is a rare, benign adenomatous cystic neoplasm, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. We sought to characterize the clinical, dermatoscopic, and histopathologic features of apocrine cystadenoma and its relationship to hidrocystoma.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cases of apocrine cystadenoma and hidrocystoma retrieved from the dermatopathology laboratory information system.
RESULTS: Of the 350 cases apocrine cystic lesions, 13 cases of apocrine cystadenomas met the inclusion criteria. The age ranged from 20 to 84 years with an average of 64 years. They were long-standing (duration 3-15 years), slow-growing, large tumors usually found on the scalp. Dermatoscopy accentuated translucent light to dark blue color and prominent vessels that were present more at the periphery. All lesions were multilocular with columnar to cuboidal lining and decapitation secretion. A large portion of the lesion consisted of a simple nonproliferative epithelial lining, identical to that observed in apocrine hidrocystomas, while the proliferative adenomatous component made up a smaller portion with two patterns: (1) tubular proliferation, which either protruded into the cystic cavity or expanded outward peripherally, or (2) papillary projections, which were multiple layers thick with fibrovascular core, sometimes accompanied by tubular proliferation. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong staining for p40 and a sparse number of cells stained for Ki-67 and p53.
CONCLUSIONS: The long duration of the lesion and the large areas of simple apocrine epithelial lining suggest that apocrine cystadenomas arise from long-standing apocrine hidrocystomas. However, the retrospective nature of the study from a single institution is a limitation.

A gastrointestinal stromal tumortumour (GIST) is an uncommon gastrointestinal neoplasm that can arise from any part of the gastrointestinal tract. They can rarely present as a pelvic mass, which might result in a gynaecological condition being misdiagnosed in a female patient. A woman in her early 70s presented with a huge pelvic mass. Abdomen-pelvis CT scan showed a significant cystic mass in the left-sided pelvis with a mass effect on adjacent structures, which suggested a possibility of an ovarian cystadenoma. Her CA-125 was normal. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with pelvic mass excision. A diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) arising from the ileum was made on a histopathology study.

A 48-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension and no family history of prostate cancer presented with abdominal distension, lower abdominal pain, and lower urinary symptoms. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the lower abdomen, and a digital rectal examination detected a firm mass on the anterior side of the rectum. Laboratory tests showed an elevated PSA level (7.9 ng/mL). Imaging studies indicated a solid mass connected to the prostate\'s posterior and rectum\'s anterior walls, along with bladder compression. Transperitoneal biopsy and histological analysis led to a diagnosis of a stromal tumor with uncertain potential malignancy. Considering the absence of apparent malignancy signs and the smooth outer wall of the tumor, the patient underwent, for the first time in the literature, a robot-assisted radical extraperitoneal prostatectomy for complete macroscopic resection. The surgery involved excision of the bulky pelvic mass, preservation of the urethra, and anatomical reconstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful, and we discharged the patient with no complications. The pathological examination documented the diagnosis of multilocular prostatic cystadenoma. Post-surgery follow-up examinations, including PSA levels and imaging scans, showed no signs of tumor recurrence. At the 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups, the patient was asymptomatic and had fully recovered, with no urinary or sexual dysfunction reported.