Taking care of a relative with dementia may be linked to negative consequences for the caregiver. One of the processes that can be experienced is anticipatory grief, that is defined as the feelings of pain and loss that appear in the caregiver before the death of the person cared for.
The review aimed to conceptualize anticipatory grief in this population, to study the related psychosocial variables, and to know the repercussions for the health of the caregiver.
A systematic search was made under the directives of PRISMA statement in the ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus databases, including studies published in the last 10 years (2013-2023).
A total of 160 articles were obtained, 15 being finally selected. It is observed that anticipatory grief is defined as an ambiguous process since it appeared before the death of the sick family member. Being a female caregiver, spouse of a family member with dementia, having a closer relationship with him and/or having an important responsibility in care, are associated with a greater chance of experiencing anticipatory grief. In relation to the person cared for, if he or she is in a severe phase of the disease, is younger, and/or presents problematic behaviours, there is also greater anticipatory grief in the family caregiver. Anticipatory grief has a significant impact on caregivers\' physical, psychological, and social health, being associated with greater burden, depressive symptomatology, and social isolation.
Anticipatory grief turns out to be a relevant concept in the context of dementia, being necessary to include it in intervention programs for this population.

OBJECTIVE: The experience of family caregivers after nursing home admission has received much less attention, probably because many caregivers experience an initial sense of initial emotional relief. However, for some caregivers nursing home admission is a stressor despite the reduced physical burden of caregiving. Caregiver distress following institutionalization has been related to the new burdens and challenges encountered in the nursing home. Ambivalence and guilt related to the institutionalization decision have been identified as sources of stress. Therefore, this study examined the effect of guilt and well-being on the perceived stress of family caregivers of institutionalized dependent persons.
METHODS: Two hundred and one family caregivers of institutionalized persons in a nursing home (La Rioja, Spain) participated. Perceived stress, caregiving guilt and subjective well-being, sociodemographic and caregiving-related variables were assessed. Linear regression analyses and correlations between variables were performed.
RESULTS: Guilt and five dimensions of well-being (anxiety, vitality, self-control and depression, except general health) significantly predicted stress (R2adj=.552 (F (6, 198)=41.71, P<.001)). The effect size was large (95% CI=.461).
CONCLUSIONS: Paying attention to family caregivers\' feelings of guilt during institutionalization is important. This will enable the design and implementation of psychosocial interventions that improve caregiver adjustment immediately after institutionalization.

Empowering family caregivers is one of the strategies to increase the family caregiver\'s capability in T2DM self-management. The adequate capability of family caregivers in T2DM self-management can improve T2DM management, impacting people\'s health status with T2DM. This study aimed to examine the effect of family caregiver empowerment intervention on the family caregiver\'s T2DM self-management capability.
This study is an experimental study with a randomized control group pre-test post-test design. The sample size is 60 respondents by simple random sampling, which is divided into two groups randomly. The treatment group (n=30) received 10-session intervention in 10 weeks (six education and training sessions and four mentoring sessions), and the control group (n=30) received standard care. Data were collected using a questionnaire, twice, before and after the intervention (12 weeks after the last intervention session) and analysed descriptively and statistically (One way-ANOVA test, dependent t-test, and independent t-test).
The empowerment intervention significantly increased the family caregiver\'s T2DM self-management capability, including diet management (t=4.070; p<.001), physical activity management (t=9.493; p<.001), medication management (t=4.021; p<.001), self-monitoring blood glucose levels (t=2.789; p<.001), and foot care skills (t=6.835; p<.001).
Family caregiver empowerment interventions can improve the capability of family caregivers in self-management of T2DM, including increasing the capability to manage diet, physical activity, medication, self-monitoring blood glucose levels, and foot care. Nurses can empower family members as family caregivers to improve self-management of T2DM.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that participating in support groups for caregivers has on the quality of life and psychotropic drug use of family caregivers of adults with limitations in activities of daily living. A controlled quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used with 134 caregivers (64 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group). The outcomes were health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5D3L test) and psychotropic drug use (no/yes). The analyses were performed using SPSS and R statistical software. An interaction was observed between the condition and the level of limitations in activities of daily living of the care receiver, having an effect on the caregiver\'s psychotropic drug use (p = 0.003), with this use being lower among caregivers who attend support groups when their relatives present fewer limitations in activities of daily living. Moreover, the quality of life was higher in the post-test in the experimental group (B = 8.66, p = 0.015). In conclusion, support groups could improve the caregiver\'s quality of life and decrease psychotropic drug use when the care receiver has low limitations in activities of daily living.
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto que tiene la participación en grupos de apoyo para cuidadores en la calidad de vida y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos de cuidadores familiares de adultos con limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Se usó un diseño longitudinal cuasiexperimental controlado con 134 cuidadores (64 en el grupo experimental y 70 en el grupo de referencia). Los criterios de evaluación fueron la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (test EuroQol 5D3L) y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos (sí / no). Los análisis se realizaron usando los programas estadísticos SPSS y R. Se observó una interacción entre la enfermedad y el nivel de limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria del receptor del cuidado y el efecto que tuvo en el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos del cuidador (p=0.003). Este consumo fue menor entre los cuidadores que asisten a grupos de apoyo cuando sus familiares presentan menos limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Además, la calidad de vida fue mayor en el grupo experimental después del test (B=8.66, p=0.015). En resumen, los grupos de apoyo podrían mejorar la calidad de vida del cuidador y disminuir el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos cuando el receptor del cuidado tiene pocas limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria.
本研究的目的是评估参与照顾者支持团体对日常生活活动受限的成人家庭照顾者的生活质量和精神药物使用的影响。采用准实验纵向对照设计，134名护理人员(实验组64名，对照组70名)参与。结果是健康相关的生活质量(EuroQol 5D3L试验)和精神药物使用(否/是)。采用SPSS和R统计软件进行分析。观察一个交互水平的限制和条件之间活动的日常生活保健接收者, 对照顾者的精神药物使用有影响(p = 0.003), 观察到病情和被照顾者日常生活活动的限制程度之间的相互作用，对照顾者的精神药物使用有影响（P=0.003），当他们的亲属在日常生活活动中出现较少的限制时，参加支持小组的照顾者的使用量较低。此外，实验组的生活质量在后测试中更高（B=8.66，p=0.015）。综上所述，当照顾者的日常生活活动受限时，支持团体可以改善照顾者的生活质量，减少精神药物的使用。.

In this article, we describe the properties and consider the outcome dimensions of a collection of self-administered questionnaires that assess caregivers of offspring with mental illness. To this end, we searched the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases, as well as reference lists of studies published between 1980 and 2012. We reviewed 43 instruments, and found multiple outcome domains, associated with either objective burden or subjective burden, or both. A number of tools captured additional negative aspects of caregiving (e.g., strain, stress, and worrying) as well as positive aspects (e.g., personal growth, strength, support, rewards, and satisfaction), supplemented by measures assessing caregivers\' perceptions and attitudes toward their offspring with SMI (e.g., insight, stigma, and efficacy). This current review of existing measures and their specific domains contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the caregiving experience and allows both clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate measurement tools for their purposes.

The complexity of dementia caregiver burden concept has led to a significant number of assessment tests using various approaches. For this reason, a review of these measurementss could be useful for clinical or research purposes.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to perform an updated review on the tools available, classifying them according to the burden criterion by studying their characteristics and psychometric properties, and providing those most relevant for application.
METHODS: The method applied consisted of a database search -Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase and Psicodoc (1980-2012).
RESULTS: A total of 31 assessment tools were selected, grouped on the basis of the burden concept evaluated: objective/subjective burden, burden from a multidimensional approach, and as distress associated with patient impairment.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a suitable tool for using caregiver burden assessment tools accurately. A marked conclusion is the need to establish agreements in the assessment methods, in order to develop standard knowledge and application to healthcare practice.