艰难的,火药蘑菇的蹄形子实体,fomesfomentarius(L.)Fr.(猪科,蘑菇),传统上在世界各地都被用作火种来点火,为了仪式的目的,制作像服装这样的艺术品,框架,装饰品,以及治疗各种人类疾病(伤口,胃肠道疾病,肝脏相关问题,炎症,各种癌症,等。).欧洲对F.fomentarius的第一波科学兴趣可以追溯到1970年代初,当时发现了F.fomentarius外层的红棕色颜料。从那以后,许多研究论文和评论都提到了使用的历史,分类法,一些fomentarius制剂的组成和药用特性,例如,可溶性提取物及其部分,孤立的细胞壁,从培养液中纯化的菌丝体和化合物。本综述集中于从Fomentarius子实体获得的水不溶性细胞壁的组成和益处。蘑菇的分离细胞壁显示出纤维中空结构,平均直径为3-5μm,壁厚为0.2-1.5μm。自然,纤维由25-38%的葡聚糖组成,与大多数的β-葡聚糖,大约30%的多酚,6%的甲壳质和少于2%的半纤维素。主要结构化合物的百分比可以略有变化或相当大,取决于提取条件。根据体外,在体内,离体以及临床研究,F.fomentarius纤维可以调节免疫系统,有助于肠道健康,加速伤口愈合,吸收重金属,有机染料和放射性核素,使肾脏和肝脏功能正常化,并提供抗菌,抗病毒,抗真菌药,抗焦虑药,抗炎和镇痛作用。从Fomentarius子实体纯化的不溶性细胞壁的多重作用在治疗慢性,经常性的,复杂的多因素疾病。肯定值得进一步探索这些制剂的药用潜力和实际应用。
The tough, hoof-shaped fruiting bodies of the tinder conk mushroom, Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. (Polyporaceae, Agaricomycetes), were traditionally used all over the world as tinder to start fire, for ritual purposes, to make artworks like clothing, frames, ornaments, and also to cure various human diseases (wounds, gastro-intestinal disorders, liver-related problems, inflammations, various cancers, etc.). The first wave of scientific interest in F. fomentarius in Europe dates back to the early 1970s with the discovery of the red-brown pigments of the F. fomentarius external layer. Since then, a number of research papers and reviews have mentioned the history of use, taxonomy, composition and medicinal properties of some F. fomentarius preparations, e.g., soluble extracts and their fractions, isolated cell walls, mycelia and compounds purified from the culture broth. The present review is focused on the composition and benefits of the water-insoluble cell walls obtained from the F. fomentarius fruiting bodies. Isolated cell walls of the tinder mushroom reveal a fibrous hollow structure with an average diameter of 3-5 μm and a wall thickness of 0.2-1.5 μm. Naturally, the fibers are composed of 25-38% glucans, with a majority of β-glucans, around 30% polyphenols, 6% chitin and less than 2% hemicellulose. The percentage of the main structural compounds can vary either slightly or considerably, depending on the extraction conditions. According to in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo as well as clinical studies, F. fomentarius fibers can modulate the immune system, contribute to intestinal health, accelerate wound healing, absorb heavy metals, organic dyes and radionuclides, normalize kidney and liver function, and provide antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Multiple action of the insoluble cell walls purified from the F. fomentarius fruiting bodies is particularly effective in the treatment of chronic, recurring, complicated multifactorial diseases. It is certainly worth exploring the medicinal potential and the practical application of these preparations further.