Obtaining consent to care requires the radiation oncologist to provide loyal information and to ensure that the patient understands it. Proof of such an approach rests with the practitioner. The French Society for Radiation Oncology (SFRO) does not recommend the signature of a consent form by the patient but recommends that the radiation oncologist be able to provide all the elements demonstrating the reality of a complete information circuit.

BACKGROUND: People living with dementia (PLWD) may want to participate in research, but the guidelines and processes enacted across various contexts may prohibit this from happening.
OBJECTIVE: Understanding the experiences of people with lived experiences of dementia requires meaningful inclusion in research, as is consistent with rights-based perspectives. Currently, the inclusion of PLWD in Canadian research is complex, and guidelines and conceptual frameworks have not been fully developed.
METHODS: This research note outlines a three-year proof-of-concept grant on the inclusion and consent of PLWD in research.
RESULTS: It presents a brief report on some of the contradictions and challenges that exist in legislation, research guidelines, and research practices and raises a series of questions as part of an agenda on rights and inclusion of PLWD in research.
CONCLUSIONS: It suggests conceptual, legal, and policy issues that need to be addressed and invites Canadian researchers to re-envision research practices and to advocate for law and policy reform that enables dementia research to align and respect the rights and personhood of PLWD.

Constraints in the care of vulnerable elderly people are part of the daily life of services. This practice must not avoid multidisciplinary reflection by preserving the autonomy of patients\' decisions despite cognitive disorders. The search for consent and reasons for refusing care must be the leitmotif and coercion the exception and must be supported.

Sexuality in geriatrics poses ethical dilemmas, particularly for patients with cognitive disorders. What is the place of consent, presumption of competence and caregiver responsibility? A tool structuring these questions has facilitated collective decisions in the cognitive-behavioral unit to ensure respectful support for intimate relationships between patients. Ongoing reflection remains essential for optimal care.

Until now, the early approach of palliative care patients for corneal harvesting has been unheard of in France. At the Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, in the Val-de-Marne region of France, we offer a rigorous and respectful procedure and organization for patients who have been carefully selected for an early approach to donation.

The right to consent has become over time a fundamental right in both French and international law. Even if it is not formalized, the patient\'s consent is now required for each medical act. Moreover, it is always revocable. This article proposes to outline the historical evolution of consent in French legal texts.

The teenager is more and more in search of cosmetic surgery. The current societal mode favors this evolution. There are, however, a variety of demands, from disabling major disgrace, through the desire for aesthetic consumption, to unjustified demand in the patient with dysmorphophobia. Information and consent of the patient and parents are mandatory. Cosmetic surgery is legally possible in minors but while it is possible for other therapeutic decisions, there is no anticipated medical majority for cosmetic surgery. Parental consent remains mandatory. The surgeon must also agree to perform this act, but he must take into account the maturity of the minor patient before giving his consent to the requested surgical act.

Episiotomy is a surgical act performed during childbirth to widen the vaginal opening; like any other medical procedure, its benefits and risks must be made known to patients in accordance with the legal and regulatory provisions of each country.The principle of immunity of the human body makes that the consent in the care is the keystone of the doctor-patient relationship, this consent is the first legitimization of the medicalact. The consent has to «be free and lit» as far as the decision of the patient must be taken without any constraint or pressure having obtained all the necessary information. This practice is not respected most of the time in our countries in spite of the fact that it\'s not observance engages the responsibility of the practitioner.
OBJECTIVE: Study the consent of women who have undergone an episiotomy at the reference health center of \"commune I\" in the District of Bamako.
METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Obstetric Gynecology Department of the \"Commune I\" Health Center of the Bamako District from March 1, 2010 to February 29, 2012, involving 331 patients. We conducted the history and physical examination of women seen in post natal consultation who had undergone an episiotomy, a survey sheet was completed for each of them meeting our criteria. Data capture and analysis was done on SPSS 18; the texts and tables were processed on Microsoft Word Office 2007 software; Graphic representations were processed on Microsoft Excel Office 2007.
UNASSIGNED: Women were informed of the study\'s objectives and interests; Confidential and anonymous insurance.
RESULTS: In our study the practice of the episiotomy concerned 32, 19 % of the cases of assisted childbirths. The average age of the patients was of 25 years with extremes going of 14-46 years, the rigidity of the perineum was the main indication of the episiotomy in 41.1% of cases. Only 32.02% of the participants were previously informed prior to the practice of episiotomy. The information given was well understood in the same proportions is 32, 02% of cases and the assent lit with the episiotomy was obtnained in 29.31%. of cases. The information given was well understood in the same proportions of 32.02% of cases and informed consent to episiotomy was obtained in 29.31% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the majority of our women have undergone episiotomy without any consent; the respect of the fundamental rights of the sick by health personnel, through the search for free and informed consent throughout the process of care, any breach of this duty constitutes a violation of the legal and ethical provisions.
L\'épisiotomie est un acte chirurgical pratiqué aucours de l\'accouchement pour élargir l\'orifice vaginal ; comme tout autre acte médical, ses avantages et risques doivent être mis à la connaissance des patients conformément aux dispositions légales et réglementaires de chaque pays. Le principe d\'inviolabilité du corps humain fait que le consentement aux soins est la clé de voûte de la relation médecin-patient, ce consentement est la légitimation première de l\'acte médical. Le consentement doit être « libre et éclairé” dans la mesure où la décision du patient doit être prise sans aucune contrainte ou pression après avoir obtenu toutes les informations nécessaires. Cette pratique n\'est pas le plus souvent respectée dans nos pays en dépit du fait que la non observance engage la responsabilité du praticien.
UNASSIGNED: Etudier le consentement des parturientes ayant subi une épisiotomie au centre de santé de référence de la commune I du District de Bamako.
UNASSIGNED: Déterminer la fréquence des patientes ayant subi l\'épisiotomie chez lesquelles l\'information est donnée ; Déterminer la fréquence des patientes ayant subi l\'épisiotomie ayant parfaitement compris l\'information donnée ; Déterminer la fréquence des patientes ayant subi l\'épisiotomie chez lesquelles le consentement éclairé à l\'épisiotomie est obtenu.
UNASSIGNED: Dans notre étude la pratique de l\'épisiotomie a concernée 32,19% des cas d\'accouchements assistés. L\'âge moyen des patientes était de 25 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 14-46 ans. La rigidité du périnée était la principale indication de l\'épisiotomie avec 41,1% des cas. Seulement 32,02% des parturientes étaient au préalable informées avant la pratique de l\'épisiotomie. Les informations données étaient bien comprises dans les mêmes proportions soit 32,02%des cas et le consentement éclairé à l\'épisiotomie a été obtenu dans 29,31%des cas.
CONCLUSIONS: Dans notre étude, la majorité de nos parturientes a subi l\'épisiotomie sans aucun consentement ; le respect des droits fondamentaux des malades par le personnel sanitaire, passe par la recherche d\'un consentement libre et éclairé tout au long du processus de la prise en charge, tout manquement à ce devoir constitue une violation des dispositions légales et déontologiques.

In emergency, physicians are confronted with obligations that may appear in opposition: assistance to a person in danger and consent to care. Knowing the seriousness of acute coronary syndromes, the cardiologist in front of an ignorant patient should not too quickly resolve himself to accept a refusal. In 2 clinical cases, the different means to obtaining consent are recalled: the evocation of the risks in the absence of care (death, physical incapacity, professional aptitude, heavy treatments) taking into account the psychology of the patient, without him make them lose face, by reassuring them about the steps of the procedure, while explaining the lower effectiveness of other therapies (loss of chance). The participation of all medical and paramedical actors makes it possible to match a psychology adapted to the patient\'s profile, to prevent an incompatibility of mood leading to death by refusal of care. More than ever, the cardiologist has an \"obligation\" to implement \"all means\". If the refusal persists, it will be necessary to find the most effective alternative and to get the patient to return to the optimal strategy by a rapid contact, by involving his family and his attending physicians, who will be informed without delay, with remission of prescriptions. To protect themselves from possible prosecution, the healthcare team will record in detail the course of the events, as well as a detailed document of the refusal of care, signed by the patient who acknowledges having been informed of the risks involved.

An alternative approach to restraint in psychiatry? The literature on the use of restraint in psychiatry reveals that it is mainly used against patients\' will. An alternative way of restraining a patient in anticipation of a crisis situation is proposed through the calming effect of holding (psychoanalytical concept) and sensory integration (neurosciences). Offering patients a method of \"voluntary restraint\" could partly restore their autonomy.