背景:儿童时期已经存在不同的肥胖相关合并症,如:维生素D缺乏,碳水化合物代谢受损,血脂异常,动脉高血压和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。在这项研究中,我们旨在分析合并症的患病率,并确定影响这些合并症的预测因素.
方法:人体测量,我们收集了6~18岁肥胖患者的人口统计学和生化变量.随后,进行了统计分析,以描述患者的特征和合并症的患病率,以及它们的预测因素。
结果:共纳入158名肥胖儿童(76名男孩和82名女孩),诊断时平均年龄为12.48岁,BMIZ评分为+3.24SDS。最普遍的合并症是维生素D缺乏(64.2%),胰岛素抵抗(45.1%),血脂异常(32.2%),高尿酸血症(18.5%)和动脉高血压(15%)。年龄,BMIZ评分,已发现脂肪量百分比和男性是这些合并症的预测因子。
结论:肥胖儿童和青少年有较高的合并症患病率。一旦确定了肥胖的诊断,这将是非常有用的早期识别那些有较高的合并症风险的患者,知道他们与性的关系,年龄,BMIZ评分,脂肪量百分比和青春期阶段。
BACKGROUND: Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predictive factors that affect these comorbidities.
METHODS: Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical variables were collected from obese patients between six and 18 years of age. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients and the prevalence of comorbidities, as well as their predictive factors.
RESULTS: A total of 158 obese children (76 boys and 82 girls) with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.48 years and a BMI Z-score of +3.24 SDS were included. The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (64.2%), insulin resistance (45.1%), dyslipidaemia (32.2%), hyperuricaemia (18.5%) and arterial hypertension (15%). Age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and male sex have been found to be predictors of these comorbidities.
CONCLUSIONS: Obese children and adolescents have a high prevalence of comorbidities. Once the diagnosis of obesity has been established, it would be very useful to identify early those patients with a higher risk of comorbidities, knowing their relationship with sex, age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and pubertal stage.