目的:本分析的目的是比较阿尔巴尼亚和波兰人群的选定健康状况指标,与中欧和东欧(CEE)的两个前共产主义国家有关。
方法:此分析基于与2019年全球疾病负担(GBD)研究相关的估计,由健康指标与评估研究所(IHME)报告。对于波兰来说,IHME主要使用波兰中央统计局的数据,而阿尔巴尼亚的信息是基于国家统计局的报告。
结果:2019年,阿尔巴尼亚出生时预期寿命略高于波兰(78.5岁vs.78.1年,分别)。两个国家的非传染性疾病死亡率相似(每100,000人口中约有520人死亡)。2019年,两国总死亡率的主要危险因素是高收缩压。在阿尔巴尼亚,高收缩压几乎占所有原因死亡的32%,而在波兰,它只占所有死亡人数的21%。阿尔巴尼亚的第二个主要危险因素涉及饮食因素,几乎占四分之一的死亡。在波兰,全因死亡率的第二个主要危险因素涉及烟草,烟草是造成五分之一死亡的原因。阿尔巴尼亚的第三个主要危险因素是烟草(造成五分之一的死亡),而在波兰,它涉及饮食风险(约占全因死亡率的19%)。
结论:该分析提供了有关与CEE前共产主义集团相关的两个人群当前健康状况的有用信息。虽然健康指标可以提供有关人群之间健康状况差异的重要信息,重要的是要根据每个国家面临的具体挑战和限制来解释这些指标。
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this analysis was to compare selected health status indicators of the Albanian and Polish populations, pertinent to two former communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).
METHODS: This analysis was based on the estimates related to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, reported by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). For Poland, IHME uses data mainly from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, whereas for Albania the information is based on the reports from the National Institute of Statistics.
RESULTS: In 2019, life expectancy at birth was slightly higher in Albania compared to Poland (78.5 years vs. 78.1 years, respectively). Mortality rate from noncommunicable diseases was similar in both countries (about 520 deaths per 100,000 population). In 2019, the main risk factor for the overall mortality in both countries was the high systolic blood pressure. In Albania, high systolic blood pressure accounted for almost 32% of deaths from all causes, whereas in Poland it accounted for only 21% of all deaths. The second main risk factor in Albania concerned the dietary factors which were responsible for almost one in four deaths. In Poland, the second main risk factor for all-cause mortality concerned tobacco which was responsible for one in five deaths. The third leading risk factor in Albania was tobacco (responsible for one in five deaths), whereas in Poland it concerned the dietary risks (responsible for about 19% of the all-cause mortality).
CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides useful information about the current health status of two populations pertinent to the former Communist Bloc in CEE. While health indicators can provide important information about the differences in health status between populations, it is important to interpret these indicators in the context of the specific challenges and limitations facing each country.