Abstract：
This article considers the Soviet Union\'s successful efforts to employ more women specialists in nuclear science and technology, from the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 and the Soviet atomic bomb project to the Cold War and the present. Despite their contributions to building a Cold War military machine, women rarely reached the pinnacle of the scientific enterprise due to persistent views about their lesser capabilities as specialists. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in a vastly changed social, political, and cultural climate, the claimed socialist equality of women gave way to more traditional views of their status in Russian society. For the nuclear enterprise, this change emerged in activities that had disappeared under communism such as the annual \"Miss Atom\" beauty pageant, a striking departure from Soviet attempts to involve women equally in science and technology.
摘要：
本文认为苏联成功地雇用了更多的女性核科学和技术专家，从1917年布尔什维克革命和苏联原子弹计划到冷战和现在。尽管他们为建立冷战军事机器做出了贡献，女性很少达到科学事业的顶峰，因为她们对自己作为专家的能力较弱的观点持之以恒。苏联解体后，在一个巨大变化的社会中，政治,和文化氛围，声称妇女的社会主义平等让位于对她们在俄罗斯社会中的地位的更传统的看法。对于核企业来说，这种变化出现在共产主义下消失的活动中，例如一年一度的“Atom小姐”选美比赛，与苏联试图让妇女平等参与科学和技术的尝试大相径庭。
