前列腺癌(PCa)的发病率每年都在上升,随着雄激素受体(AR)成为其生长和进展的关键贡献者。越来越多的证据强调了AR招募辅因子的能力,影响下游基因转录,从而促进PCa细胞的增殖和转移。虽然,涉及AR拮抗剂的临床策略提供了一些缓解,治疗去势抵抗前列腺癌(CRPC)仍然是一个巨大的挑战.因此,小时的需要在于发掘新药或治疗靶点以有效对抗PCa。这篇综述概括了AR的共激活剂和共抑制物所起的关键作用,尤其是PCa中的雄激素受体相关蛋白(ARA)和类固醇受体共激活剂(SRC)。我们的数据揭示了这些辅因子如何复杂地调节组蛋白修饰,细胞循环,SUMOylation,和细胞凋亡通过它们与AR的相互作用。在经过审查的一系列辅因子中,例如ARA70β,ARA24,ARA160,ARA55,ARA54,PIAS1,PIAS3,SRC1,SRC2,SRC3,PCAF,p300/CBP,MED1和CARM1在PCa中表现出上调。相反,其他辅因子,如ARA70α,PIASY,和NCoR/SMRT表现出下调。这种双重性强调了PCa中AR辅因子动力学的复杂性。根据我们的发现,我们认为,操纵辅因子调节以调节AR功能有望成为针对晚期PCa的一种新的治疗途径.面对CRPC的巨大挑战,这种范式转变为寻求有效治疗提供了新的希望。
Prostate cancer (PCa) is witnessing a concerning rise in incidence annually, with the androgen receptor (AR) emerging as a pivotal contributor to its growth and progression. Mounting evidence underscores the AR\'s ability to recruit cofactors, influencing downstream gene transcription and thereby fueling the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. Although, clinical strategies involving AR antagonists provide some relief, managing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a formidable challenge. Thus, the need of the hour lies in unearthing new drugs or therapeutic targets to effectively combat PCa. This review encapsulates the pivotal roles played by coactivators and corepressors of AR, notably androgen receptor-associated protein (ARA) and steroid receptor Coactivators (SRC) in PCa. Our data unveils how these cofactors intricately modulate histone modifications, cell cycling, SUMOylation, and apoptosis through their interactions with AR. Among the array of cofactors scrutinised, such as ARA70β, ARA24, ARA160, ARA55, ARA54, PIAS1, PIAS3, SRC1, SRC2, SRC3, PCAF, p300/CBP, MED1, and CARM1, several exhibit upregulation in PCa. Conversely, other cofactors like ARA70α, PIASy, and NCoR/SMRT demonstrate downregulation. This duality underscores the complexity of AR
cofactor dynamics in PCa. Based on our findings, we propose that manipulating
cofactor regulation to modulate AR function holds promise as a novel therapeutic avenue against advanced PCa. This paradigm shift offers renewed hope in the quest for effective treatments in the face of CRPC\'s formidable challenges.