渗滤液,固体废物分解过程中产生的废水,直接与土壤相互作用,主要在垃圾场地区。关于陆生动物接触渗滤液的研究有,然而,缺乏。植物是最常被研究的生物,而动物研究,尤其是蚯蚓,是有限的。然而,由于earth在土壤健康和生态系统维护中的作用,涉及earth的生态毒理学评估至关重要。这对于理解潜在的陆地生态系统渗滤液效应至关重要。在这种情况下,这项研究旨在评估行为效应,长期暴露于封闭垃圾场的渗滤液中的Eiseniaandrei蚯蚓的亚致死细胞毒性和抗氧化系统变化。细胞毒性通过腔体细胞密度确定,活力和细胞分型,而抗氧化系统的改变是通过超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)来评估的,过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST),还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和金属硫蛋白(MT)的测定。丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羰基化(PTC)水平也被确定为氧化效应标记。最后,评估了生物标志物反应指数(BRI),旨在定量整合所研究终点的结果,并为每个渗滤液浓度建立生物健康状况(BHS)。渗滤液暴露导致浓度高达50%的泄漏响应,而是在更高浓度下的吸引力。48天后观察到细胞密度降低(28%),活力降低(50%)。渗滤液暴露14天后。观察到的细胞分型变化表明抗炎免疫系统作用。渗滤液暴露导致了几种抗氧化系统的改变,增加SOD(2-6%),CAT(5-35%)和GST(5-70%)活性以及GSH(7-37%)和MT(3-67%)水平。蚯蚓的抗氧化防御,然而,能够防止脂质过氧化,在渗滤液暴露于12.5%以上的浓度后降低(11-37%),PTC,在42天增加(26%),在56天减少(12%)。这是首次对渗滤液暴露的蚯蚓进行PTC评估。42天后观察到的增加的羰基化水平与MDA降低一起突出了使用除MDA之外的氧化效应生物标志物的进一步研究的需要。最后,采用了BRI的综合方法,揭示在最高渗滤液暴露浓度下,轻度初始变化演变为中度至主要影响,在实验结束时检测到效果衰减。在这个意义上,这项研究带来了重大的新颖性,采用以前未在蚯蚓中评估的生物标志物,表现出氧化作用,同时使用BRI作为本评估中应用的终点的综合工具。
Leachate, an effluent produced during solid waste decomposition, interacts directly with soil, mainly in dumpsite areas. Studies on terrestrial animal exposure to leachate are, however, lacking. Plants are the most frequently studied organisms, while animal studies, especially earthworms, are limited. Nevertheless, ecotoxicological assessments involving earthworms are crucial due to their role in soil health and ecosystem maintenance, which are paramount in understanding potential terrestrial ecosystem leachate effects. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate behavioral effects, sublethal cytotoxicity and antioxidant system alterations in Eisenia andrei earthworms chronically exposed to leachate from a closed dumpsite. Cytotoxicity was determined by coelomocyte density, viability and cell typing, while antioxidant system alterations were assessed through superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) determinations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels were also determined as oxidative effect markers. Finally, the Biomarker Response Index (BRI) was assessed, aiming to quantitatively integrate the results of the investigated endpoints and establish a biological health state (BHS) for each leachate concentration. Leachate exposure led to leak responses at concentrations of up to 50%, but attraction at higher concentrations. Decreased cell density (28%) was observed after 48 days and reduced viability (50%), after 14 days of leachate exposure. The observed cell typing changes indicate anti-inflammatory immune system effects. Leachate exposure led to several antioxidant system alterations, increasing SOD (2-6 %), CAT (5-35 %) and GST (5-70 %) activities and GSH (7-37%) and MT (3-67%) levels. Earthworm antioxidant defenses were, however, able to prevent lipid peroxidation, which decreased (11-37%) following leachate exposure to concentrations above 12.5%, and PTC, which increased at 42 days (26%) and reduced at 56 days (12 %). This is the first PTC assessment in leachate-exposed earthworms. The increased carbonylation levels observed after 42 days alongside MDA decreases highlight the need for further research employing oxidative effect biomarkers other than MDA. Finally, an integrated approach employing the BRI was carried out, revealing mild initial changes evolving to moderate to major effects at the highest leachate exposure concentration, with an effect attenuation detected at the end of the experiment. In this sense, this study brings forth a significant novelty, employing a biomarker previously not assessed in earthworms, demonstrating an oxidative effect, alongside the use of the BRI as an integrative tool for the endpoints applied in this assessment.