Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (KPAF) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) present diagnostic challenges due to their similar clinical characteristics. Dermatologists often employ overlapping treatment regimens, which may hinder accurate diagnosis and treatment expectations. Genetic testing offers promise for precise diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies, yet its utility in these conditions remains underexplored. This manuscript presents a unique case study of a 36-year-old male with symptoms of both KPAF and FFA, who underwent genetic testing. Despite testing negative for this mutation, the case underscores the potential of genetic testing to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment outcomes.

This paper reports a case of Bacteroides fragilis induced spondylitis. Diagnosis was confirmed through blood culture and metagenomic sequencing of pus for pathogen detection. Due to persistent lumbar pain, surgical intervention became imperative, resulting in favorable postoperative outcomes. A detailed patient history revealed a severe episode of oral ulceration two weeks before symptom onset, although a direct link to the infection remained elusive. Leveraging insights from this case, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on B. fragilis spondylitis, elucidating clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic strategies.

Bronchial asthma and chronic polypous rhinosinusitis are diseases associated with a T2-inflammatory immune response. These nosologies can be combined, creating the preconditions for a more severe course of multimorbidity, requiring the use of genetic engineering biological therapy. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically bind to the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor and block the action of interleukins 4 and 13, which play a key role in the development of T2 inflammation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the high effectiveness of this medicament. The use of dupilumab in some cases may be accompanied by an increase in eosinophils in the blood. This article presents scientific base and our own experience in treating patients with dupilumab-associated eosinophilia, in addition we describe an algorithm for examining this group of patients for the purpose of timely diagnosis of diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, etc. It should be noted that in the most cases eosinophilia during targeted therapy with dupilumab is temporary and does not cause clinical manifestations.
Бронхиальная астма и хронический полипозный риносинусит являются заболеваниями, ассоциированными с Т2-воспалительным иммунным ответом. Данные нозологии могут носить сочетанный характер, создавая предпосылки для более тяжелого течения мультиморбидности, требующей применения генно-инженерной биологической терапии. Дупилумаб представляет собой моноклональное антитело, которое способно специфически связываться с a-субъединицей рецептора интерлейкина(ИЛ)-4 и блокировать действие ИЛ-4 и ИЛ-13, играющих ключевую роль в развитии Т2-воспаления. Многочисленные исследования продемонстрировали высокую эффективность данного лекарственного препарата. Иногда применение дупилумаба может сопровождаться повышением эозинофилов в крови. В статье представлены научный обзор и собственный опыт ведения пациентов с дупилумаб-ассоциированной эозинофилией, а также алгоритм обследования данной группы больных с целью своевременной диагностики таких заболеваний, как эозинофильный гранулематоз с полиангиитом, эозинофильная пневмония и др. Необходимо отметить, что чаще всего эозинофилия во время таргетной терапии дупилумабом носит временный характер и не вызывает клинических проявлений.

Anthrax remains a threat, especially in countries like Kyrgyzstan with developed livestock farming. Despite preventive efforts, sporadic outbreaks endure on an annual basis, transmitted from infected animals to humans. Here, we report a severe anthrax case in an 8-month-old child known to be caused when a sick calf was slaughtered in the neighborhood without proper protocols, resulting in intra-family infection. This underscores the importance of swift diagnosis, treatment, preventive measures, and awareness of zoonotic infections, animal vaccination and adherence to sanitary and veterinary protocols.

The most common cause of severe cognitive impairment in adults is Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). Depending on the age of onset, AD is divided into early (<65 years) and late (≥65 years) forms. Early-onset AD (EOAD) is significantly less common than later-onset AD (LOAD) and accounts for only about 5-10% of cases. However, its medical and social significance, as a disease leading to loss of ability to work and legal capacity, as well as premature death in patients aged 40-64 years, is extremely high. Patients with EOAD compared with LOAD have a greater number of atypical clinical variants - 25% and 6-12.5%, respectively, which complicates the differential diagnosis of EOAD with other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the typical classical amnestic variant predominates in both EOAD and LOAD. Also, patients with EOAD have peculiarities according to neuroimaging data: when performing MRI of the brain, patients with EOAD often have more pronounced parietal atrophy and less pronounced hippocampal atrophy compared to patients with LOAD. The article pays attention to the features of the clinical and neuroimaging data in patients with EOAD; a case of a patient with EOAD is presented.
Наиболее распространенной причиной выраженных когнитивных нарушений у взрослых является болезнь Альцгеймера (БА). В зависимости от возраста начала БА подразделяют на раннюю (<65 лет) и позднюю (≥65 лет) формы. БА с ранним началом (БАсРН) по частоте встречаемости значительно уступает более позднему дебюту заболевания и составляет всего около 5—10% случаев. Однако ее медико-социальная значимость как заболевания, приводящего к утрате трудоспособности и дееспособности, а также преждевременной смерти у пациентов в возрасте 40—64 лет, крайне высока. У пациентов с БАсРН по сравнению с БА с поздним началом (БАсПН) отмечается большее количество атипичных клинических вариантов — 25 и 6—12,5% соответственно, что усложняет дифференциальную диагностику БАсРН с другими нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. Тем не менее типичный амнестический вариант преобладает как при БАсПН, так и БАсРН. Также у пациентов с БАсРН наблюдаются особенности по данным нейровизуализации: при выполнении МРТ головного мозга у пациентов с БАсРН чаще отмечается более выраженная теменная атрофия и менее выраженная атрофия гиппокампа по сравнению с пациентами с БАсПН. В статье уделено внимание особенностям клинической и нейровизуализационной картины у пациентов с БАсРН; представлен клинический случай пациента с БАсРН.

The rare fungus Candida saopaulonensis has never been reported to be associated with human infection. We report the draft genome sequence of the first clinical isolate of C. saopaulonensis, which was isolated from a very premature infant with sepsis. This is the first genome assembly reaching the near-complete chromosomal level with structural annotation for this species, opening up avenues for exploring evolutionary patterns and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis.

Acanthamoeba infection is associated with keratitis in humans; however, its association with keratitis in dogs remains unclear. To investigate this possibility, we collected 171 conjunctival swab samples from dogs with eye-related diseases (65 with keratitis and 106 without keratitis) at Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Korea, from August 2021 to September 2022. Polymerase chain reaction identified 9 samples (5.3%) as Acanthamoeba positive; of these, 3 were from dogs with keratitis (4.6%) and 6 were from dogs without keratitis (5.7%). Our results indicated no significant association between Acanthamoeba infection and keratitis, season, sex, or age. All Acanthamoeba organisms found in this study had the genotype T4, according to 18S ribosomal RNA analysis. Acanthamoeba infection in dogs might have only a limited association with keratitis.

We present a clinical case of a 50-year-old female initially suspected of seborrheic keratosis but later diagnosed with melanoma through biopsy. This case highlights the challenges in distinguishing between these two conditions and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis. Overdiagnosis of malignancy in seborrheic keratosis cases and the accurate identification of melanoma through dermoscopy are discussed. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between seborrheic keratosis and melanoma.

Tick-borne encephalitis was limited to northeast portions of Italy. We report in Lombardy, a populous region in the northwest, a chamois displaying clinical signs of tickborne encephalitis virus that had multiple virus-positive ticks attached, as well as a symptomatic man. Further, we show serologic evidence of viral circulation in the area.

Rendu-Osler-Weber disease or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by vascular dysplasia with the formation of telangiectasias on the skin, mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the internal organs, which is manifested by bleeding. Diagnosis is based on Curacao criteria: recurrent and spontaneous nosebleeds, multiple telangiectases on the characteristic localizations, AVMs in one or more of the internal organs, a family history of HHT (i.e. first-degree relative who meets these same criteria for definite HHT). Therapy is aimed at preventing and stopping gastrointestinal, nosebleeds, correction of iron deficiency anemia. A promising method of therapy is the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, in particular bevacizumab. The article presents a description of a clinical case of HHT in a 49-year-old woman with telangiectisia on the mucous membrane of the tongue, gastrointestinal tract and liver AVMs.
Болезнь Рандю–Ослера–Вебера, или наследственная геморрагическая телеангиоэктазия (НГТ) – редкое генетическое заболевание, наследуемое по аутосомно-доминантному типу. Характеризуется сосудистыми дисплазиями с образованием телеангиоэктазий на коже, слизистых оболочках респираторного и пищеварительного трактов, артериовенозными мальформациями (АВМ) во внутренних органах, что проявляется кровоточивостью. Диагноз устанавливают на основании критериев Кюрасао: спонтанные рецидивирующие носовые кровотечения, наличие множественных телеангиоэктазий характерных локализаций, наличие АВМ, а также семейный анамнез (установленный диагноз НГТ у родственника 1-й степени родства). Терапия заболевания направлена на предупреждение и купирование желудочно-кишечных, носовых кровотечений, коррекцию железодефицитной анемии. Перспективным методом терапии является применение ингибиторов ангиогенеза, в частности бевацизумаба. В статье представлено описание клинического случая НГТ у женщины 49 лет с телеангиоэктазиями на слизистой языка, желудочно-кишечного тракта, а также АВМ печени.