This paper reports a case of Bacteroides fragilis induced spondylitis. Diagnosis was confirmed through blood culture and metagenomic sequencing of pus for pathogen detection. Due to persistent lumbar pain, surgical intervention became imperative, resulting in favorable postoperative outcomes. A detailed patient history revealed a severe episode of oral ulceration two weeks before symptom onset, although a direct link to the infection remained elusive. Leveraging insights from this case, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on B. fragilis spondylitis, elucidating clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic strategies.

The rare fungus Candida saopaulonensis has never been reported to be associated with human infection. We report the draft genome sequence of the first clinical isolate of C. saopaulonensis, which was isolated from a very premature infant with sepsis. This is the first genome assembly reaching the near-complete chromosomal level with structural annotation for this species, opening up avenues for exploring evolutionary patterns and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequently observed comorbidity in autoimmune diseases such as dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and it is significantly associated with specific autoantibody types. One unique antibody type is the anti-transcription intermediate factor-1γ antibody (anti-TIF-1γ Ab), which has a positive rate of only 7%. It is often found in combination with malignancy and rarely with ILD, particularly rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD). In some cases, the presence of ILD in individuals with DM may indicate a paraneoplastic syndrome. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) typically occurs due to intensive immunosuppressive therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or malignancy, and rarely as an isolated condition.
METHODS: A 52-year-old man with a history of rapid weight loss but non-HIV infected and not immunosuppressed who presented with fever, cough, dyspnea, weakness of the extremities, characteristic rash and mechanic\'s hand. Pathogenic tests suggested PJP, laboratory tests suggested a single anti-TIF-1γ Ab positive DM, imaging suggested ILD, and pathology revealed no malignancy. RPILD and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed after anti-infection and steroid hormone therapy. After mechanical support therapy such as Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), the patient developed late-onset cytomegalovirus pneumonia (CMVP), complicated bacterial infection, and ultimately death. Additionally, we discuss the potential causes of rapid weight loss, the mechanisms by which anti-TIF-1γ Ab may lead to ILD, and the possible connection between anti-TIF-1γ Ab positivity, rapid weight loss, immune abnormalities, and opportunistic infections.
CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition of malignant tumors and pulmonary lesions, assessment of the body\'s immune status, prompt initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, and prevention of opportunistic infections in individuals with single anti-TIF-1γ Ab positive DM presenting with rapid weight loss.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease. One of the challenges in the treatment of MS is how to overcome relapses without severe adverse effects. Due to their immunoregulatory properties and safety, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), present a potential alternative for treatment for MS. The efficacy and safety of a long-term MSCs therapy in MS remain to be established. In this communication, we report the clinical condition and disease progression of an MS patient treated for 11 years, with multiple infusions of MSCs derived from either his bone marrow (BM), pooled human umbilical cords (UC), or from his own child umbilical cord. A male patient diagnosed as progressive MS (EDSS score 3) was enrolled into our study and received 1 × 106 cells/kg of MSCs, at least once a year for 9 years. The MSCs treatment was well tolerated with no significant side effects. Following the transplantation of MSCs, the overall EDSS scores of the patient decreased over the 10 years period of observation. MRI investigation did not reveal any new lesions. However, upon the cessation of the MSCs treatment, the EDSS score increased from 1.0 to 3.5, further supporting the notion that in such a patient, the transplantation of MSCs, had a significant beneficial effect. This case study is the first to report on the beneficial effects of multiple infusions of BM-MSC and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in a progressive MS patient, over a period of 11 years, in absence of any other treatments. Hence, multiple infusions of MSCs may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with aggressive MS.

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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare life threatening inherited disorder that is triggered by drugs used for general anesthesia in susceptible persons. The symptoms include rapid increase of body temperature and severe muscle contractions. The present study includes 3 cases of MH and highlights the timely identification of symptoms for rescuing the patient. In case I, a 7-year-old male child underwent surgery with ketamine at a dose of 250 mg. After 4 h of operation, the child went through convulsions, high fever and succumbed within a few hours. High fever was not detected in a timely manner, which is one of the main symptoms of MH. In case II, a 12-year-old male child had convulsions and high fever after simple surgery caused by MH. Once confirmed, immediate measures were taken to lower the body temperature and the child was rescued. In case III, a male 57-year-old was admitted to hospital due to paraplegia. The patient underwent more critical conditions once symptoms of MH appeared. Additionally, antidote dantrolene was unavailable in the first and third case; thus, the progression of disease was not alleviated although active symptomatic and supportive treatment were employed.

In the field of nerve repair, one major challenge is the formation of neuroma. However, reports on both the promotion of nerve regeneration and prevention of traumatic neuroma in the clinical settings are rare in the field of nerve repair. One of the reasons could be the insufficiency in the follow-up system. We have conducted 33 cases of nerve repair using PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP conduit without any sign of adverse reaction, especially no neuroma formation. Among them, we have selected two cases as representatives to report in this article. The first case was a patient with an upper limb nerve wound was bridged by PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP conduit and a plate fixation was given. After nearly 3-years\' follow-up, the examination results demonstrated that nerve regeneration effect was very good. When the reoperation was performed to remove the steel plate we observed a uniform structure of the regenerated nerve without the formation of neuroma, and to our delight, the implanted conduit was completely degraded 23 months after the implantation. The second case had an obsolete nerve injury with neuroma formation. After removal of the neuroma, the nerve was bridged by PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP conduit. Follow-up examinations showed that the structure and functional recovery were improved gradually in the 10-month follow-up; no end-enlargement and any other abnormal reaction associated with the characteristic of neuroma were found. Based on our 33-case studies, we have concluded that PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP nerve conduit could both promote nerve regeneration and prevent neuroma formation; therefore, it is a good alternative for peripheral nerve repair.

Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) caused by cervical arterial dissection (CAD) is a rare clinical disease. Therapeutic approaches include anticoagulant therapy, antiplatelet aggregation, and thrombolytic therapy. Currently, anticoagulant therapy or antiplatelet aggregation is the primary choice, whereas the thrombolytic therapy is still controversial. In this article, we report a patient with ACI caused by right CAD, which led to a compensatory increase in blood supply to the right middle cerebral artery through the anterior communicating artery. After treatment with intravenous thrombolysis, the clinical symptoms of the patient improved, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score declined to 2 points from the initial 14 points. In addition, cranial computed tomography scans showed that there were no signs of intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage, but that the vessel occlusion was still uncured. After 17 days of antiplatelet aggregation treatment, a cranial magnetic resonance angiography scan showed complete recanalization of the right internal carotid artery. Furthermore, the NIHSS score was reduced to 1 point when the patient discharged, and for 3 months of follow-up.