迁移,从农村到城市是拉丁美洲的普遍现象,由于社会,经济,政治,和其他因素。寻求经济和教育机会的年轻人,金融,和社会稳定,一直在迁移到更大的城市中心,从而使农村劳动力发生了重要的转变,世代相传,和国内经济。通过对科学文献的系统文献综述,以及公共机构和国际组织的文件,这篇文章发表在2012年至2022年之间,涉及哥伦比亚和危地马拉养牛业的青年从农村到城市的迁移,特别是确定(I)驱动因素,(ii)它们对养牛的影响,和(iii)为抵消偏见影响而实施的公共政策。结果表明,失业,缺乏教育机会,和不安全是青年迁移到城市或国外的主要原因,墨西哥,美国,西班牙是最常见的目的地。此外,对养牛业的影响包括劳动力短缺和完美的世代转移,阻碍工业的现代化和对气候变化适应和缓解战略的投资。尽管执行了各种公共政策,结果是局部的,加速青年移徙的问题仍然重要。因此,没有国家政府采取更有效的措施,养牛业将落后于其区域和国际竞争对手,可持续发展目标的实现。作为本研究的主要贡献,对移民的分析是基于其对特定经济部门的影响而不是侧重于其原因,这在广泛的文献中得到了证明。
Migration, from rural to urban settings is a common phenomenon in Latin America, due to social, economic, political, and other factors. Young people in search of economic and educational opportunities, financial, and social stability, have been migrating to larger urban centers, thus crafting important shifts in rural labor, generational transfer, and domestic economies. Through a systematic literature review of scientific literature, and documents from public institutions and international organizations, published between 2012 and 2022, this article addresses rural-urban migration of youth in Colombia and Guatemala\'s cattle sector, particularly identifying (i) driving factors, (ii) their impacts on cattle farming, and (iii) public policies implemented to counteract prejudicial effects. Results show that unemployment, lack of educational opportunities, and insecurity are the main reasons for youth migration to cities or abroad, with Mexico, the United States, and Spain being the most common destinations. Additionally, impacts on the cattle sector include shortage of labor and a perfectible generational transfer, hindering the modernization of the industry and investments in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Despite various implemented public policies, the results are partial, and the issue of accelerated youth migration remains relevant. Consequently, without more effective measures adopted by national governments, the cattle sector will lag behind its regional and international competitors, deterring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. As the main contribution of the study, the analysis of migration is highlighted based on its effects on a specific economic sector and not focused on its causes, as evidenced in a wide range of literature.