Abstract：
The potential of ecosystem-based interventions, also known as Nature-based Solutions (NbS), for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is now recognized by major national policies and international framework agreements. However, there is limited scientific evidence about their economic viability and equity impacts. We examined English-language peer-reviewed studies, published between 2000 and 2021, which undertook economic evaluations of NbS for DRR and CCA. Based on our results, 71 % of studies indicated that NbS have consistently proven to be a cost-effective approach to mitigating hazards and 24 % of studies found NbS cost-effective under certain conditions. The ecosystem-based interventions most frequently found effective in mitigating hazards are associated with mangroves (80 %), forests (77 %), and coastal ecosystems (73 %). Studies comparing the cost-effectiveness of NbS and engineering-based solutions for mitigating certain hazards showed that NbS are no less effective than engineering-based solutions. Among these studies, 65 % found that NbS are always more effective in attenuating hazards compared to engineering-based solutions and 26 % found that NbS are partially more effective. Our findings illustrate a range of factors, including the geographic locations of the NbS analyzed, their contribution to the restoration and increase of biodiversity, their property rights structure, their source of financing, and the economic methodologies employed to assess cost-effectiveness and distributional effects. The geographic location of the NbS observations included in this analysis was examined considering global projected temperature and precipitation changes.
摘要：
基于生态系统的干预措施的潜力，也称为基于自然的解决方案（NBS），减少灾害风险（DRR）和适应气候变化（CCA）现已得到主要国家政策和国际框架协议的认可。然而,关于它们的经济可行性和公平影响的科学证据有限。我们检查了英语同行评审的研究，发表于2000年至2021年，对DRR和CCA的NBS进行了经济评估。根据我们的结果,71％的研究表明，NbS一直被证明是一种具有成本效益的减轻危害的方法，24％的研究发现NbS在某些条件下具有成本效益。最常见的基于生态系统的干预措施对减轻危害有效，与红树林有关（80％），森林（77%），和沿海生态系统（73%）。比较NbS和基于工程的解决方案在减轻某些危害方面的成本效益的研究表明，NbS的效率不亚于基于工程的解决方案。在这些研究中,65%的人发现，与基于工程的解决方案相比，NbS在减轻危害方面总是更有效，26%的人发现NbS部分更有效。我们的发现说明了一系列因素，包括分析的NBS的地理位置，它们对恢复和增加生物多样性的贡献，他们的产权结构，他们的资金来源，以及用于评估成本效益和分配效应的经济方法。考虑到全球预计的温度和降水变化，检查了本分析中包含的NbS观测值的地理位置。
