背景:与女性生殖器切割(FGM)相关的发病率和死亡率已被明确记录。控制并最终根除这种做法非常重要。尽管世界卫生组织和其他国际组织大声疾呼,来自发达国家和发展中国家的广泛民族和社会仍在实行女性外阴残割。了解坦桑尼亚目前的规模和相关因素可能会为旨在控制FGM的可能干预措施带来更多的启示。这项研究是及时的。
目的:确定坦桑尼亚少女和年轻妇女中切割女性生殖器官的患病率及其相关因素。
方法:对2022年坦桑尼亚人口与健康调查的数据进行了二次数据分析。这项研究中包括的加权样本是2965名15-24岁的青春期女孩和年轻女性。使用Stata18.0软件进行数据分析。使用调整后的比值比(aOR)及其相应的95%置信区间(CI)评估关联的强度。
结果:坦桑尼亚青春期女孩和年轻女性的FGM总体患病率为4.9%(95%CI=3.37,6.97)。各个地区的患病率差异很大,从桑给巴尔和南部地区的<1%到北部地区的19.7%不等。此外,结果显示,与女性生殖器切割相关的因素是农村地区(aOR=2.09,95%CI=1.80,5.44);没有受过教育(aOR=11.59,95%CI=4.97,27.03);贫困(aOR=2.41,95%CI=1.20,4.83);不熟练的手册(aOR=3.76,95%CI=1.97,7.15);在年轻的青少年中继续FGM
结论:2015/16年至2022年期间,坦桑尼亚15-24岁少女和年轻女性的女性生殖器切割略有下降,分别从5.9%降至4.9%。这主要与教育水平有关,居住地,职业,财富指数,大众媒体曝光,对FGM的态度。需要更有针对性的方案,重点是针对少女和年轻妇女的高流行区,以便到2030年结束切割女性生殖器官的做法。
BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality associated with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) have been clearly documented. Controlling and eventually eradication this practice is very important. Despite a loud call from the WHO and other international organisations, there are extensive nationalities and societies from both developed and developing countries still practising FGM. Understanding the current magnitude and associated factors in Tanzania may bring more light for possible interventions intended to control FGM. This study is timely for this aim.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania.
METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey. The weighted sample included in this study was 2965 adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years. Data analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 software. The strength of the association was assessed using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of FGM among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania was 4.9% (95% CI = 3.37, 6.97). The prevalence varied significantly across the zones, ranging from < 1% in both Zanzibar and Southern zones to 19.7% in the Northern zone. Moreover, the results revealed that factors associated with FGM were rural areas (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.44); no education (aOR = 11.59, 95% CI = 4.97, 27.03); poor (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.20, 4.83); unskilled manuals (aOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.97, 7.15); continued FGM (aOR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.62, 9.18); FGM required by religion (aOR = 8.5, 95% CI = 3.15, 22.96) and watching television at least once a week (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.56) among adolescents and young women in Tanzania.
CONCLUSIONS: Female genital mutilation among adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years in Tanzania has decreased slightly between 2015/16 and 2022 from 5.9% to 4.9% respectively. This was mostly associated with education level, place of residence, occupation, wealth index, mass media exposure, attitudes towards FGM. More tailored programs focusing on high prevalence zones targeting adolescent girls and young women are needed to end female genital mutilation by 2030.