BACKGROUND: Radius-Maumenee syndrome is a rare cause of open-angle glaucoma, secondary to elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP) without any orbital or systemic abnormalities.
METHODS: We present a case of a male patient in his mid-sixties, who presented with bilateral dilated episcleral vessels, bilateral glaucoma, chorioretinal folds in both maculae and choroidal effusion in his left eye. Our case highlights the differentials that should be considered and the systematic investigations that should be performed. We describe the clinical, optical coherence tomography and angiography findings of this patient and propose a potential pathophysiological mechanism leading to the propensity for perioperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS: Radius-Maumenee syndrome should be a diagnosis of exclusion. Secondary glaucoma can remain refractory to medical treatment and filtering surgery carries the risk intra-operative or post-operative uveal effusions.

BACKGROUND: This case report is applicable to the field of ophthalmology because there is a paucity of medical literature related to the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of uveal effusion syndrome. This is an urgent concern because there are severe complications associated with this disease, including non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, angle closure glaucoma, and possible blindness. This report will fill clinical knowledge gaps using a patient example.
METHODS: A 68-year-old white male with multiple cardiovascular risk factors initially presented to the Eye Institute Urgent Care Clinic with new onset visual symptoms, including eye pain, eye lid swelling, redness, and tearing of his left eye. He had experienced a foreign body sensation in the left eye and bilateral floaters weeks prior to his presentation. The patient was examined, and vision was 20/30 in both eyes, and intraocular pressure was 46 in the right eye and 36 in the left eye. After initial assessment, including compression gonioscopy, intermittent angle closure glaucoma was suspected. He received oral diamox 500 mg, one drop of alphagan in both eyes, one drop of latanoprost in both eyes, one drop of dorzolamide in both eyes, and one drop of 2% pilocarpine in both eyes. There was only slight response in intraocular pressure. Owing to the bilateral angle closure, he underwent laser peripheral iridotomy to decrease intraocular pressure and open the angle that was found closed on gonioscopy. The patient was discharged on oral and topical glaucoma drops and scheduled for the glaucoma clinic. When he presented for follow-up in the glaucoma clinic, he was evaluated and noted to have bilateral narrow angles and intraocular pressure in the mid-twenties. A brightness scan (B-scan) was performed and was noted to have bilateral choroidal effusions, confirmed by Optos fundus photos. He was started on prednisone at 60 mg once per day (QD) with taper, continuation of oral and topical glaucoma medications, and a retina evaluation. Evaluation with a retina specialist showed resolving choroidal effusion in the left eye. He continued the prednisone taper as well as glaucoma drops as prescribed. Follow-up in the glaucoma clinic revealed a grade 3 open angle. He continued the prednisone taper, cosopt twice per day in both eyes, and discontinued brimonidine. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was performed showed results that were remarkable. No hemorrhage or mass was present. Follow-up with the retina specialist found that the choroidal effusions had resolved completely.
CONCLUSIONS: This case report emphasizes the value in early detection, keen diagnostic evaluation, and cross-collaboration between multiple ophthalmology specialists to optimize healthcare outcomes for patients with uveal effusion syndrome.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to report a case of ocular adverse events following influenza vaccination which involved bilateral myopic shift, ciliochoroidal effusion, and fine retinal folds in a middle-aged woman.
UNASSIGNED: A 42-year-old female presented with sudden-onset painless binocular decreased distance vision. She had received a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Influvac Tetra) injection 10 days prior, a few days after which she experienced blurred vision. Her initial uncorrected visual acuity and refraction were 20/200 and -3.00/-1.00 × 180 in the right eye, 20/100 and -3.00/-0.50 × 50 in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was within normal limits bilaterally. Anterior segment examination was significant for bilateral shallow anterior chambers (AC) and narrow iridocorneal angles with no cells or flare. Fundus examination was notable for bilateral fine chorioretinal folds radiating from the macula and bilateral low-lying choroidal effusion in the far periphery. Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed bilateral ciliochoroidal effusions, shallow AC, and anterior rotation of the ciliary bodies. The patient was started on oral and topical corticosteroids plus atropine and timolol eye drops after which prompt improvement was observed. Restoration of visual acuity and complete resolution of the symptoms without any further complication were observed after 2 weeks.
UNASSIGNED: The temporal association between the onset of the patient\'s symptoms and influenza vaccination, in the absence of any pertinent medical conditions or medications, significantly implicates causality. Future research and case reports can help in corroborating this ocular adverse event attributed to influenza vaccination.

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BACKGROUND: Choroidal effusion is a common complication of glaucoma surgery. Although most cases of choroidal effusions resolve spontaneously with observation or medical management alone as intraocular pressure normalizes, surgical drainage might be needed in severe or persistent cases. Herein, we report a case of spontaneous resolution of long-standing severe choroidal effusion after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.
METHODS: An 85-year-old man with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma and medical history of chronic kidney disease underwent uneventful Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. On postoperative day 8, transient hypotony occurred, and large 360° peripheral choroidal detachments developed. Although the intraocular pressure increased to normal levels on postoperative day 15, choroidal effusion did not resolve. Fundus examination over 8 months showed that the large choroidal effusion persisted despite a well-controlled intraocular pressure. Laboratory test performed at preoperatively and follow-up period revealed persistently elevated potassium and creatinine levels. On postoperative 9 months, the lesion resolved spontaneously without any surgical intervention. We found that the patient\'s creatinine level was normalized, pre-existing hyperkalemia was corrected, and accordingly his general condition was improved.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the underlying medical condition may be helpful in patients with persistent choroidal effusion of an unclear etiology following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous and proteoglycan-rich tissues throughout the body. The most commonly affected sites are the auricular pinna, nose, and joints with ocular tissue involvement occurring in up to 50% of patients. The most common ocular manifestations are scleritis, episcleritis, uveitis, and conjunctivitis. Less common ocular issues include keratitis, retinopathy, optic neuropathy, extraocular muscle palsy, and orbital inflammation. Due to the variable clinical presentation and rarity of the disease, the diagnosis of RPC is often delayed or it is misdiagnosed. It is important that ophthalmologists be aware of relapsing polychondritis because ocular symptoms may present as the initial manifestation of the disease.

UNASSIGNED: To report a case of acute onset unilateral hemorrhagic and serous choroidal effusion associated with dorzolamide administration and antiplatelet use that recurred in a patient who experienced a dorzolamide-induced choroidal effusion ten years prior to presentation.
UNASSIGNED: A 78-year-old male with a history of POAG in both eyes presented with sudden onset decreased vision and flashes of light in the left eye two days after escalating from timolol maleate 0.5% twice daily in both eyes to fixed combination dorzolamide-timolol 22.3-6.8 mg/mL twice daily in both eyes. Systemic medication included daily aspirin 81 mg for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Dilated fundus examination and B-scan ultrasound of the left eye revealed a hemorrhagic choroidal effusion in the nasal retinal periphery and low lying serous choroidal effusion in the temporal periphery. Complete resolution of the choroidal detachment was achieved in four days following prompt cessation of dorzolamide, and treatment with topical prednisolone acetate 1% four times daily and atropine 1% two times daily.
UNASSIGNED: Topical dorzolamide may induce an idiosyncratic reaction leading to serous and hemorrhagic choroidal effusion, which can be exacerbated by antiplatelet use. Prompt recognition and management of drug-induced choroidal effusion can lead to improved visual outcomes and prevent long-term sequelae.

This patient presented with sudden onset myopia, shallow anterior chamber, and radial macular folds in both eyes after using topiramate. Ocular parameters including increased choroidal thickness normalized after cessation of topiramate.

Purpose: To describe a novel case of focal exudative retinal detachment, choroidal effusion, and acute angle closure in preeclampsia. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 37-year-old woman at 38 weeks gestation presented with 2 weeks of progressive blurred vision in the left eye. She had a visual acuity (VA) of 20/800 and an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 26 mm Hg in the left eye (compared with 17 mm Hg in the right eye). Examination showed subretinal fluid in the posterior pole, ciliochoroidal effusion, and angle closure in the left eye without pathology in the right eye. She was found to have hypertension and proteinuria consistent with preeclampsia. The visual symptoms resolved after delivery. At the 1-month follow-up, she had a VA of 20/60 OS, symmetric IOPs, and resolved subretinal and choroidal effusions. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ciliochoroidal effusion in the setting of preeclampsia. It may aid in the diagnosis of preeclampsia\'s ocular manifestations and broaden pathophysiological understanding.

Objective: To present clinical findings and multimodal imaging of three patients who developed bacillary layer detachments (BALADs) shortly after half-fluence, half-dose (HFHD) verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Three patients were treated with HFHD-PDT for (1) macular neovascularisation five years after resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), (2) persistent serous retinal detachment (SRD) from chronic CSC, and (3) neovascular age-related macular degeneration with persistent SRD despite intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Results: Each patient developed a BALAD after HFHD-PDT. Acute fulminant exudation caused subretinal fluid expansion into the inner photoreceptor layer, cleaving myoid from ellipsoid zones in the central macula. Subretinal fluid and the BALADs subsequently resolved over 6-8 weeks. Conclusions: The subretinal fluid and BALAD following HFHD-PDT were transient and did not cause photoreceptor damage over a 6-month follow-up period. We speculate that the reduced-impact HFHD protocol decreases direct tissue damage but increases proinflammatory cytokines. The long-term pathophysiological consequences of the resolved BALADs are unknown.