秀丽隐杆线虫。(GEB)是中国传统的药用植物,并在猪和山羊中充当生长促进剂。Koumine(KM)是GEB中最丰富的生物碱,可产生镇痛作用,抗癌,和免疫调节作用。KM可以用作水生免疫刺激剂,但其生长促进作用和转录机制尚未被研究。将含有0、0.2、2和20mg/kg的KM的日粮饲喂给鲤鱼71天,以研究其对生长性能的影响,肠道形态学,微生物,生化指标,和转录机制。鲤鱼以KM为生长促进剂,肠隐窝的数量和肠道微生物种群受KM浓度的影响。KM增加了阿菲皮亚殖民地的丰度,Phyllobacterium,中根瘤菌,还有Labrys,与化合物分解和增殖有关,并降低了病原菌甲基杆菌-甲基细菌的菌落丰度。四个实验组中总共有376个差异表达基因(DEGs)富集了转化生长因子-β1和小母抗十指截瘫(TGF-β1/Smad),丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),和Janus激酶以及转录(Jak/Stat)信号通路的信号转导和激活子。特别是,tgfbr1,acvr1l,rreb-1,stat5b,smad4,cbp,c-fos表达上调且与KM剂量呈正相关。KM具有与TGF-β1/Smad驱动的细胞增殖有关的生长促进作用,MAPK,和Jak/Stat信号通路。0.2mg/kg的KM优化了C.carpio的生长性能,而较高浓度的KM(2和20mg/kg)可能会诱导细胞凋亡,而不会显着损害鱼肠结构。因此,低浓度的KM作为水生生长促进添加剂具有很大的发展潜力。
Gelsemium elegans Benth. (GEB) is a traditional medicinal plant in China, and acts as a growth promoter in pigs and goats. Koumine (KM) is the most abundant alkaloid in GEB and produces analgesic, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. KM can be used as an aquatic immune stimulant, but its growth-promoting effects and transcriptional mechanisms have not been investigated. Diets containing KM at 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg were fed to Cyprinus carpio for 71 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microflora, biochemical indicators, and transcriptional mechanisms. Cyprinus carpio fed with KM as the growth promoter, and the number of intestinal crypts and intestinal microbial populations were influenced by KM concentration. KM increased the abundance of colonies of Afipia, Phyllobacterium, Mesorhizobium, and Labrys, which were associated with compound decomposition and proliferation, and decreased the abundance of colonies of pathogenic bacteria Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum. A total of 376 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) among the four experimental groups were enriched for transforming growth factor-β1 and small mother against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat) signaling pathways. In particular, tgfbr1, acvr1l, rreb-1, stat5b, smad4, cbp, and c-fos were up-regulated and positively correlated with KM dose. KM had a growth-promoting effect that was related to cell proliferation driven by the TGF-β1/Smad, MAPK, and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. KM at 0.2 mg/kg optimized the growth performance of C. carpio, while higher concentrations of KM (2 and 20 mg/kg) may induce apoptosis without significantly damaging the fish intestinal structure. Therefore, KM at low concentration has great potential for development as an aquatic growth promotion additive.