背景:2020年春季,德国和世界各地的Sars-CoV-2发病率迅速增加。在接下来的两年里,学校暂时关闭,社会疏远措施也已到位,以减缓新冠肺炎病毒的传播。这些社会限制和临时学校封锁是否影响了儿童的身体素质?EMOTIKON项目每年测试勃兰登堡联邦州所有三年级学生的身体素质,德国。测试评估心肺耐力(6分钟运行测试),协调(星级运行测试),速度(20米冲刺测试),较低(powerLOW,站立跳远测试),和较高(powerUP,球推测试)四肢肌肉力量,和静态平衡(闭眼单腿站立试验)。从2016年到2022年,共有125,893名儿童在秋季接受了测试。主要分析集中在98,510名关键三年级学生(即,根据法定关键日期入学,8至9岁)来自515所学校。次要分析包括27,383名年龄超过关键年龄的三年级学生(即,OTK,延迟入学或留级,9至10岁),他们的身体素质比他们年龄的预期要低。线性混合模型拟合了大流行前的二次长期趋势,并考虑到儿童和学校之间的差异。
结果:三年级学生表现出更低的心肺耐力,协调,与大流行前的队列(2016-2019)相比,Covid大流行队列(2020-2022)的速度和力量提升。与大流行前队列相比,大流行队列中的儿童功率低和静态平衡较高。从2020年到2021年,协调,powerLOW和powerup进一步下降。一些大流行后身体健康追赶的证据仅限于PowerUP。Cohen的|ds|将2020-2022年的大流行队列与2016-2019年的大流行前队列进行比较,范围从0.02的powerLOW到0.15的协调。在大流行队列中,关键儿童表现出发育损失,从大约1个月的速度到5个月的心肺耐力。对于powerLOW和静态平衡,积极的大流行效应转化为1个月和7个月的发展成果,分别。大流行前的长期趋势可能解释了大流行和大流行前队列之间观察到的一些差异,尤其是在powerLOW,电源和静态平衡。大流行进一步增加了OTK儿童在心肺耐力方面的发育迟缓,力量和平衡。
结论:Covid-19大流行与德国三年级学生的几个身体素质下降有关。在2022年,大流行效应仍然可见。与健康相关的干预措施应特别针对那些受到大流行负面影响的身体健康因素(心肺耐力,协调,speed).
BACKGROUND: In spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around the world. Throughout the next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Did these social restrictions and temporary school lockdowns affect children\'s physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests the physical fitness of all third-graders in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. The tests assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run test), speed (20-m sprint test), lower (powerLOW, standing long jump test), and upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total of 125,893 children were tested in the falls from 2016 to 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage third-graders (i.e., school enrollment according to the legal key date, aged 8 to 9 years) from 515 schools. Secondary analyses included 27,383 older-than-keyage third-graders (i.e., OTK, delayed school enrollment or repetition of a grade, aged 9 to 10 years), who have been shown to exhibit lower physical fitness than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, and took into account differences between children and schools.
RESULTS: Third-graders exhibited lower cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed and powerUP in the Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts (2016-2019). Children\'s powerLOW and static balance were higher in the pandemic cohorts compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. From 2020 to 2021, coordination, powerLOW and powerUP further declined. Evidence for some post-pandemic physical fitness catch-up was restricted to powerUP. Cohen\'s |ds| for comparisons of the pandemic cohorts 2020-2022 with pre-pandemic cohorts 2016-2019 ranged from 0.02 for powerLOW to 0.15 for coordination. Within the pandemic cohorts, keyage children exhibited developmental losses ranging from approximately 1 month for speed to 5 months for cardiorespiratory endurance. For powerLOW and static balance, the positive pandemic effects translate to developmental gains of 1 and 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic secular trends may account for some of the observed differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts, especially in powerLOW, powerUP and static balance. The pandemic further increased developmental delays of OTK children in cardiorespiratory endurance, powerUP and balance.
CONCLUSIONS: The Covid-19 pandemic was associated with declines in several physical fitness components in German third-graders. Pandemic effects are still visible in 2022. Health-related interventions should specifically target those physical fitness components that were negatively affected by the pandemic (cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed).