The sensitive, accurate and rapid detection of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is essential for the early diagnosis and clinical management of ovarian cancer, but there is still challenge. Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on CdS/Bi2S3/NiS ternary sulfide heterostructured photocatalyst was presented for the detection of CA125. The CdS/Bi2S3/NiS was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal approach. The heterojunction comprising of CdS and Bi2S3 could separate photogenerated carriers, the introduced narrow bandgap NiS could act as electron-conducting bridge to facilitate the transfer of interfacial photogenerated electrons, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Due to their synergistic effect, the photocurrent response produced by the composite was up to 14.6 times of pure CdS. On the basis, a PEC immunosensor was constructed by introducing the CA125 antibody through thioglycolic acid linkage. It was found that the resulting immunosensor showed good performance. Under the optimized conditions, its linear detection range was as wide as 1 pg mL-1-50 ng mL-1, and the detection limit was low to 0.85 pg mL-1. Furthermore, we experimentally tested its anti-interference, stability and reproducibility, and satisfactory results were achieved. The practicable feasibility of the sensor was confirmed by testing serum sample. Thus this work provided a simple, fast and enough sensitive approach for CA125 monitoring.

BACKGROUND: Distant metastases of ovarian cancer are rarely detected alone. The effectiveness of surgical intervention for pulmonary metastases from ovarian cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing resection for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer.
METHODS: The clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of radical surgery for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were investigated. Out of 537 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasis resection at two affiliated hospitals between 2010 and 2021, four (0.74%) patients who underwent radical surgery for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were included. The patients were aged 67, 47, 21, and 59 years; the intervals from primary surgery to detection of pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were 94, 21, 36, and 50 months; and the overall survival times after pulmonary metastasectomy were 53, 50, 94, and 34 months, respectively. Three of the four patients experienced recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy. Further, preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 levels were normal in two surviving patients and elevated in the two deceased patients.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, three of the four patients experienced recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy, but all patients survived for > 30 months after surgery. Patients with ovarian cancer and elevated CA125 levels may not be optimal candidates for pulmonary metastasectomy. To establish appropriate criteria for pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with ovarian cancer, further research on a larger patient cohort is warranted.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a global major healthcare problem with millions of hospitalizations annually and with a very high mortality. There is an increased interest in finding new and reliable biomarkers for the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic guidance of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure; Our review aims to summarize in an easy-to-follow flow recent relevant research evaluating the possible use and the clinical value of measuring CA 125 serum levels in acute HF.
METHODS: A thorough search in the main international databases identified a relevant pool of 170 articles, providing recently published data for this narrative review that used PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: There are data to sustain the role of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), a worldwide used marker of ovarian cancer, in patients with heart failure. Several studies have shown links between CA 125 levels and congestion seen in acute heart failure, high mortality and readmission rates at 6 months follow-up after discharge from acute heart failure and also a role of CA 125 in the guidance of heart failure therapy. There are also clinical trials that showed that several particularities of CA 125 make it even better than N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP)-a classical and more utilized marker of heart failure) in several scenarios of acute heart failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism behind the upregulation of serum CA 125 in patients with congestive HF has not been confirmed nor fully understood.

CA125 (carbohydrate antigen 125) is an important biomarker of ovarian cancer, so developing effective method for its detection is of great significance. In the present work, a novel sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensor (STEM) of CA125 was constructed by preparing nanoribbon-like Ti3C2Tx MXenes (Ti3C2TxNR) to immobilize primary antibody (PAb) of CA125 and UIO-66-NH2 MOFs structure to immobilize second antibody (SAb) and electroactive toluidine blue (Tb) probe. In this designed STEM assay, the as-prepared Ti3C2TxNR nanohybrid offers the advantages in large surface area and conductivity as carrier, and UIO-66-NH2 provided an ideal platform to accommodate SAb and a large number of Tb molecules as signal amplifier. In the presence of CA125, the peak currents of Tb from the formed STEM structure increase with the increase of CA125 level. After optimizing the related control conditions, a wide linear range (0.2-150.0 U mL-1) and a very low detection limit (0.05 U mL-1) of CA125 were achieved. It\'s thus expected the developed STEM strategy has important applications for the detection of CA125.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer in women. Since screening programs do not exist, it is often diagnosed in advanced stages. Today, the detection of OC is based on clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasound (US), and serum biomarker (Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA 125) and Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4)) dosage, with a sensitivity of 88% and 95%, respectively, and a specificity of 84% for US and 76% for biomarkers. These methods are clearly not enough, and OC in its early stages is often missed. Many scientists have recently focused their attention on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are gaseous molecules, found in the breath, that could provide interesting information on several diseases, including solid tumors. To detect VOCs, an electronic nose was invented by a group of researchers. A similar device, the e-tongue, was later created to detect specific molecules in liquids. For the first time in the literature, we investigated the potential use of the electronic nose and the electronic tongue to detect ovarian cancer not just from breath but also from urine, blood, and plasma samples.

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, for which it is difficult to identify patients with the poorest prognosis in routine clinical practice. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) has been shown to be a potential marker of congestion and prognosis in HF. We sought to better characterize HFpEF patients with high CA 125 levels by using a multimodal approach.
RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 139 HFpEF patients (78 ± 8 years; 60% females) and 25 controls matched for age and sex (77 ± 5 years; 60% females). They underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement [including extracellular volume (ECV) measurement], and serum measurements of CA 125 level. The primary endpoint of the study was a composite of all-cause mortality or first HF hospitalization. The prognostic impact of CA 125 was determined using Cox proportional hazard models. Median CA 125 levels were significantly higher in HFpEF patients compared with controls [CA 125: 23.5 (14.5-44.7) vs. 14.6 (10.3-21.0) U/mL, P = 0.004]. CA 125 levels were positively correlated with a congestion marker [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, Pearson\'s r = 0.37, P < 0.001] and markers of cardiac fibrosis estimated by both ECV (Pearson\'s r = 0.26, P = 0.003) and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels (Pearson\'s r = 0.50, P < 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 49 (22-64) months, 97 HFpEF patients reached the composite endpoint. Even after adjustment for the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic risk score, a CA 125 level ≥35 U/mL was still a significant predictor of the composite endpoint [hazard ratio (HR): 1.58 (1.04-2.41), P = 0.032] and more particularly of HF hospitalization [HR: 1.81 (1.13-2.92), P = 0.014]. In contrast, NT-proBNP levels were not an independent predictor.
CONCLUSIONS: CA 125 levels were significantly higher in HFpEF patients compared with controls matched for age and sex and were associated with markers of congestion and cardiac fibrosis. CA 125 levels were a strong and independent predictor of HF hospitalization in HFpEF patients. These data suggest a potential value of CA 125 as a biomarker for staging and risk prediction in HFpEF.

Congestion is the permanent mechanism driving disease progression in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and also is an important treatment target. However, distinguishing between the two different phenotypes (intravascular congestion and tissue congestion) for personalized treatment remains challenging. Historically, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has been a frequently used biomarker for the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Interestingly, CA125 is highly sensitive to tissue congestion and shows potential for clinical monitoring and optimal treatment of congestive heart failure (HF). Furthermore, in terms of right heart function parameters, CA125 levels are more advantageous than other biomarkers of HF. CA125 is expected to become a new biological alternative marker for congestive HF and thereby is expected be widely used in clinical practice.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical settings. It is associated with an increased risk of death, stroke, and peripheral vascular embolism. Catheter ablation (CA) is an effective treatment for patients with AF. However, many studies have reported suboptimal outcomes, as AF recurrence rates often remain high after CA. Therefore, there is a need for early identification of patients who are prone to recurrence and require anti-inflammatory and/or antiarrhythmic treatment after CA. In recent years, Prediction of AF and AF recurrence after CA has become a hot topic in clinical practice. A lot of biomarkers (Such as B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal pro-BNP, high sensitivity C reactive protein etc.) have been identified as markers for predicting the risk of AF and AF recurrence after CA. Although these markers have been shown to predict AF and AF recurrence after CA, there are currently no relevant guidelines to indicate which of these markers have absolute predictive value. Therefore, Finding the appropriate indicators that can efficiently and accurately predict AF recurrence after AF ablation is important to provide the best treatment for each patient. These indicators still need exploration. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) is a tumor marker suitable for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of ovarian malignant tumors. It has been widely studied in patients with heart failure. In recent years, the role of CA-125 in AF has been widely studied, and we provide a review in this article. It is wide availability and low cost provide additional advantages for its rapid implementation. This article reviews the role of CA-125 in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Some epithelial tumors express the carbohydrate antigen 125 (Cancer antigen-125, CA-125) and CA 19-9, especially ovarian and pancreatic tumors. Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were reported to have a close association between serum CA-125 levels and adverse prognostic factors with worse survival. We aimed to investigate CA-125 and 19-9 expression in nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS) tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and their relations to clinicopathological manifestations and patients\' survival. Methods: 65 cases of DLBCL NOS were examined. A modified mechanical pencil tip was used to construct Manual Tissue Micro-array (TMA) blocks. Immunohistochemical staining for CA-125 and CA 19-9 was performed and scored semi-quantitatively. All relations were analyzed using established statistical methodologies. Results: Aberrant expression of CA 19-9 was detected in 12% of cases without any expression of CA-125. Moreover, 75% of the CA 19-9 positive cases were statistically significantly associated with anemia and performance status 1. Also, 75% of the CA 19-9 positive cases were females. Conclusions: CA 19-9 was aberrantly expressed in 12% of nodal DLBCL NOS cases and significantly related to anaemia and performance status but not to survival. In cases of DLBCL NOS, CA 19-9 expression cannot be considered an independent prognostic factor. CA-125 was not expressed in nodal DLBCL NOS tissues, necessitating re-evaluation studies. Therefore, it is advised to conduct more research to clarify the potential correlation between serum and tissue CA 19-9 levels and other clinic-pathological characteristics of nodal and extranodal DLBCL NOS patients.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the blood concentrations of Carbohydrate Antigen 125-Thomsen-nouveau (CA125-Tn) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients to evaluate their potential diagnostic utility together with CA125, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA).
METHODS: 50 healthy subjects, 45 EOC patients, 22 patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOT), 21 patients with benign ovarian tumor (BET) and 45 patients with chocolate cyst of ovary (CCO) were studied. Blood levels of CA125, HE4, CA125-Tn and AMH were measured, and the ROMA value was calculated. We compared the differences in the levels of these biomarkers among groups. Additionally, a total of 10 testing strategies were established for comparison to maximize the diagnostic value.
RESULTS: The levels of CA125, HE4, CA125-Tn and ROMA value were significantly higher in EOC group compared with either the disease control (DC) group (BOT group, BET group and CCO group) or healthy control (HC) group (p < 0.001). In addition, they had better discriminatory performance with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) 0.93; 0.93; 0.93; 0.85, respectively (p < 0.001) compared with the AUC value of AMH 0.67 (p < 0.001). Among all 10 testing strategies, both single-positive of ROMA and double-positive of any 2 markers showed better Youden index (0.82, 0.79, respectively) and kappa value (κ) (0.82, 0.81, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: CA125-Tn and AMH can be treated as useful biomarkers of EOC when combined with CA125, HE4 and ROMA, because when any two biomarkers of them are positive, the value of EOC diagnosis is maximized.