直到最近十年,gentoo企鹅通常分为两个亚种,在福克兰群岛繁殖的北方gentoo企鹅(Pygoscelispapuapapua),南乔治亚,和其他亚南极岛屿和南部gentoo企鹅(P.Papuaellsworthi)在南三明治中繁殖,南奥克尼群岛和南设得兰群岛,南极半岛。最近的遗传学研究,然而,这表明,南乔治亚的人口与更南的人口关系更密切,应该包括在帕帕瓦·埃尔斯沃西。在日本动物园和水族馆,gentoo企鹅的圈养繁殖是在三个种群中分别进行的:“圈养-南乔治亚,“起源于南乔治亚,\"圈养的南设得兰群岛,\“起源于南设得兰群岛,和\"圈养未知,“起源于至少一个未知亚种的创始人。本研究的目的是使用微卫星分析研究这些圈养种群的遗传多样性和分化。每个圈养种群的遗传多样性与野外相似,尽管他们的当代有效人口规模要低得多。三个圈养种群之间的成对遗传分化指数(FST)如下:0.0309(“圈养-南乔治亚州”和“圈养-未知”),0.1094(“南乔治亚圈养”和“南设得兰群岛圈养”),和0.1214(\“圈养-南设得兰群岛\”和\“圈养-未知\”)。使用贝叶斯聚类,“圈养-南设得兰群岛”群体之间存在相对较高的遗传分化,形成了一个独特的集群,和“圈养未知”组的个人,它们被分配到与“圈养-南乔治亚”共同的集群。“本研究的结果对日本圈养gentoo企鹅种群的未来管理很有用。
Until the last decade, gentoo penguins were usually split into two subspecies, northern gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua) breeding in the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and other subantarctic islands and southern gentoo penguins (P. papua ellsworthi) breeding in the South Sandwich, South Orkney and South Shetland islands, and Antarctic Peninsula. Recent genetics research, however, suggests that the population at South Georgia is much more closely related to those further south and should be included in P. papua ellsworthi. In Japanese zoos and aquariums, captive breeding of gentoo penguins is conducted separately in three populations: \"Captive-South Georgia,\" originating from South Georgia, \"Captive-South Shetlands,\" originating from South Shetlands, and \"Captive-Unknown,\" originating from at least one founder of unknown subspecies. The aims of the present study were to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of these captive populations using microsatellite analysis. Genetic diversity in each captive population was similar to that found in the wild, although they had much lower contemporary effective population sizes. Pairwise genetic differentiation indexes (FST ) among the three captive populations were as follows: 0.0309 (\"Captive-South Georgia\" and \"Captive-Unknown\"), 0.1094 (\"Captive-South Georgia\" and \"Captive-South Shetlands\"), and 0.1214 (\"Captive-South Shetlands\" and \"Captive-Unknown\"). Using Bayesian clustering, there was relatively high genetic differentiation between the \"Captive-South Shetlands\" group, which formed a distinct cluster, and individuals of the \"Captive-Unknown\" group, which were assigned to clusters in common with \"Captive-South Georgia.\" The results from the present study are useful for future management of captive gentoo penguin populations in Japan.