油茶,一种重要的木本食用油品种,利用贵州东部高海拔地区的48份种质资源,中国,分析水果品质。该分析旨在鉴定高性能种质,为在这些地区选择和杂交育种优良油茶品种提供理论和研究基础。对成熟果实的15个主要性状进行了测定和分析,包括四个表型性状(单果重,横向直径,纵向直径,果皮厚度)和11个品质性状(新鲜种子产量,干种子产率,干仁产率,种子仁含油量,棕榈酸,棕榈油酸,硬脂酸,油酸,亚油酸,α-亚麻酸,顺式-11-二十碳烯酸)。采用聚类和主成分分析(PCA)进行了综合评价。聚类分析将种质分为五组,欧氏距离为14,第一类包括17份种质,第二个28,第三个,第四,第五,每个都包含一个。PCA将15个性状减少为5个主成分(PC),PC1的特征值最高为3.57,贡献率为23.8%,主要代表表型性状。PC2,贡献20.44%,代表亚油酸,而PC3、PC4和PC5的贡献率为12.99%,9.13%,和7.45%,主要代表种子仁含油量,新鲜种子产量,和棕榈油酸.采用加权求和法,开发了一个综合评价函数来计算每个上级个人的总分,形成排名和选择的基础。在单个水果重量中检测到显著的变异性,剥离厚度,和新鲜和干燥的种子产量,而油酸表现出最低的变异系数。干种子产量与种子仁油含量以及棕榈酸和亚油酸的浓度呈正相关,而种子仁油含量与顺式-11-二十碳烯酸水平呈负相关。确定了5个特征值>1的PC,突出十大优势个人:QD(钱冬:贵州省东部代号)-33>QD-34>QD-48>QD-38>QD-27>QD-15>QD-35>QD-5>QD-14>QD-36。因此,来自贵州东部高海拔地区的48份油茶种质具有显著的提高单果重等性状的潜力,剥离厚度,和新鲜和干燥的种子产量。具体来说,QD-33、QD-34和QD-48表现出优越的综合性能,将它们指定为品种选择和育种的主要候选人。
Camellia oleifera, a significant woody edible oil species, was examined using 48 germplasm resources from high-altitude regions in East Guizhou Province, China, to analyze fruit quality. The analysis aimed to identify high-performance germplasm, providing theoretical and research foundations for selecting and cross-breeding superior C. oleifera varieties in these regions. Fifteen primary traits of mature fruits were measured and analyzed, including four phenotypic traits (single fruit weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, peel thickness) and eleven quality traits (fresh seed yield rate, dry seed yield rate, dry kernel yield rate, seed kernel oil content, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid). A comprehensive evaluation employing cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) was conducted. The cluster analysis categorized the germplasms into five groups at a squared Euclidean distance of 14, with the first category comprising 17 germplasms, the second 28, and the third, fourth, and fifth each containing one. PCA reduced the 15 traits to five principal components (PCs), with PC1 having the highest eigenvalue of 3.57 and a contribution rate of 23.8%, mainly representing phenotypic traits. PC2, contributing 20.44%, represented linoleic acid, while PC3, PC4, and PC5, with contribution rates of 12.99%, 9.13%, and 7.45% respectively, predominantly represented seed kernel oil content, fresh seed yield, and palmitoleic acid. Employing a weighted sum method, a comprehensive evaluation function was developed to calculate total scores for each superior individual, forming the basis for rankings and selections. Notable variability was detected in single fruit weight, peel thickness, and fresh and dry seed yields, while oleic acid exhibited the lowest coefficient of variation. Dry seed yield showed a robust positive correlation with seed kernel oil content and the concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids, whereas seed kernel oil content was inversely correlated with cis-11-eicosenoic acid levels. Five PCs with eigenvalues > 1 were identified, highlighting the top ten superior individuals: QD (Qian Dong: the code of eastern Guizhou Province)-33 > QD-34 > QD-48 > QD-38 > QD-27 > QD-15 > QD-35 > QD-5 > QD-14 > QD-36. Thus, the 48 C. oleifera germplasms from East Guizhou\'s high-altitude areas demonstrate significant potential for enhancing traits such as single fruit weight, peel thickness, and fresh and dry seed yields. Specifically, QD-33, QD-34, and QD-48 exhibited superior comprehensive performance, designating them as prime candidates for variety selection and breeding.