在儿童癫痫的背景下,缓慢睡眠(CSWS)期间连续尖峰波的概念包括几种儿童期发作的异质性疾病,这些疾病具有共同的脑电图(EEG),其特征是在睡眠期间出现高频率的阵发性异常,对儿童的认知发展和行为有负面影响。这些负面影响可能具有明显的倒退或发展放缓的特征。癫痫发作经常出现,但不是经常。以上清楚地说明了为什么CSWS被包括在癫痫性脑病中,其中,根据定义,频繁的脑电图阵发性异常对认知功能有不利影响,包括社会交际能力,导致自闭症特征,即使不考虑临床上明显的癫痫发作。尽管自最初描述CSWS的电临床状况以来已经过去了几十年,还有许多领域鲜为人知,值得进一步研究,包括脑电图诊断标准,用于监测丘脑在CSWS发病机制中的作用的最有效的电生理参数,它的长期演变,Landau-Kleffner综合征的眼图位置,标准化的神经心理和行为评估,以及药物和非药物疗法。
In the context of childhood epilepsy, the concept of continuous spike-waves during slow sleep (
CSWS) includes several childhood-onset heterogeneous conditions that share electroencephalograms (EEGs) characterized by a high frequency of paroxysmal abnormalities during sleep, which have negative effects on the cognitive development and behavior of the child. These negative effects may have the characteristics of a clear regression or of a slowdown in development. Seizures are very often present, but not constantly. The above makes it clear why
CSWS have been included in epileptic encephalopathies, in which, by definition, frequent EEG paroxysmal abnormalities have an unfavorable impact on cognitive functions, including socio-communicative skills, causing autistic features, even regardless of the presence of clinically overt seizures. Although several decades have passed since the original descriptions of the electroclinical condition of
CSWS, there are still many areas that are little-known and deserve to be further studied, including the EEG diagnostic criteria, the most effective electrophysiological parameter for monitoring the role of the thalamus in
CSWS pathogenesis, its long-term evolution, the nosographic location of Landau-Kleffner syndrome, standardized neuropsychological and behavioral assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.