UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the early response of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D pCASL).
UNASSIGNED: Forty patients diagnosed with NPC were recruited and divided into complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) group after CRT. All patients underwent IVIM and ASL and the related parameters was obtained. These parameters include pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), average blood flow ( BFavg), minimum blood flow (BFmin), and maximum blood flow (BFmax). Student\'s t test was used to compare the difference in ASL and IVIM derived parameters between CR and PR. The Areas under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic performance of each parameter of ASL and IVIM to the treatment outcome.
UNASSIGNED: the D value of IVIM in CR group was lower than that of the PR group ( P = 0.014),. Among the parameters of ASL, the BFavg and BFmax of the CR group were higher than those of the PR group(p = 0.004,0.013), but the BFmin had no statistical significance in the two groups（P = 0.54）. AUC of D, BFavg, and BFmax is about 0.731, 0.753, and 0.724, respectively, all of their combined AUC diagnosis was 0.812.
UNASSIGNED: The early response of NPC after CRT can predict by IVIM\'s diffusion parameters and ASL-related blood flow parameters.

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UNASSIGNED: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous lymphoma; most patients present with early, skin-limited disease and are managed by dermatologists.
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to systematically review and assess the evidence on topical treatments for early-stage (IA, IB, IIA) MF.
UNASSIGNED: We performed a literature search via MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to assess the certainty of the data.
UNASSIGNED: Two searches yielded 1252 references; 26 met the inclusion criteria and included literature on nitrogen mustard, retinoids, corticosteroids, carmustine, fluorouracil, methotrexate-laurocapram, hexadecylphosphocholine, peldesine, ingenol mebutate, topical methotrexate with oxygen flow-assisted LP3 carrier, and resiquimod. Most studies were single intervention, observational series. Nitrogen mustard, with the most published reports, was effective with 12%-82% early-stage MF patients (total n > 1000) achieving complete remission (CR) (low certainty evidence). Clinical CR was achieved among 10%-60% treated with topical retinoids (low certainty evidence). Two moderate-sized retrospective case series on topical steroids had 18%-63% CR (low certainty evidence). Only single studies were available for the other therapies.
UNASSIGNED: For most outcomes of interest, the GRADE certainty for topical therapies for early-stage MF was low. Further randomized controlled trials and inclusion of quality of life indicators are needed.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically used for treating advanced lung cancer, and some patients have achieved complete remission (CR) with ICI therapy in clinical trials. However, reports summarizing the clinical courses of such patients are limited. We report two cases of lung adenocarcinoma in which CR was achieved with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy, and the therapeutic effect was maintained after treatment completion. Specific patients can achieve CR, even those who do not meet the previously reported predictors of treatment response other than high programmed death-ligand 1 expression. Thus, biomarkers that can accurately predict the clinical efficacy of ICIs are warranted.

The adoptive transfer of CAR-T cells, which are modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), to target B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has demonstrated impressive results in treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Although BCMA CAR-T therapy induces certain complications in some patients, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has not been reported as one of them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful treatment of ITP that arose in a relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patient following anti-BCMA CAR-T cell infusion. Herein, we describe this relatively uncommon complication and provide guidance on its treatment.

As three decades ago, it was reported that adoptive T cell immunotherapy by infusion of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) mediated objective cancer regression in patients with metastatic melanoma. A new era of T cell immunotherapy arose since the improvement and clinical use of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of refractory and relapsed B lymphocyte leukemia. However, several challenges and difficulties remain on the way to reach generic and effective T cell immunotherapy, including lacking a generic method for generating anti-leukemia-specific T cells from every patient. Here, we summarize the current methods of generating anti-leukemia-specific T cells, and the promising approaches in the future.

Although rare, secondary clonal hematologic neoplasia may occur after successful therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). These secondary clonal events may be considered therapy-related, but may also be due to an underlying background of clonal hematopoiesis from which both malignancies may develop. In this manuscript, we describe two patients with secondary clones after APL therapy characterized in one patient by deletion of chromosome 11q23 and, in the other, by monosomy of chromosome 7, and also provide a review of all secondary clonal disorders described after APL therapy. We suggest that since most reports identify karyotypic abnormalities not typically associated with chemotherapy, there may be another mechanism underlying secondary clonal development after complete response to initial APL therapy.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal cancer, and has a poor prognosis in individuals with metastases (mRCC). In this report, we describe a 48-year-old woman with unresectable multiple liver metastases and a colonic metastasis of RCC who was treated with sunitinib in combination with hepatic microwave ablation and obtained a clinical and pathological complete remission. We consider that sunitinib combined with microwave ablation can prevent unresectable hepatic metastases of RCC from evolving, and that sunitinib alone can achieve clinical and pathological remission in patients with colonic metastasis of RCC.

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