■马术运动在美国继续普及,并且与高受伤率有关,特别是涉及中枢神经系统和胸部。由于这种高伤害率和与参与相关的长期后果的可能性,需要了解这项运动的独特风险。
■描述马术运动中的严重伤害,并回顾防护装备在减轻伤害中的作用。
■使用搜索词“马术”和“马”以及“脊髓损伤”搜索PubMed数据库,\"\"头部受伤,创伤性脑损伤,\"\"经验水平,“和”人口统计学。\"
■根据与流行病学的相关性,共选择了53篇论文,危险因素,以及马术活动期间受伤的管理。案例研究,随机对照试验,前瞻性研究,和回顾性研究均纳入进一步审查.
■系统评价。
■4级。
■无。
■胸部损伤,包括骨折,气胸,内脏挫伤,和挤压伤,在多个国家和国际创伤登记处被认为是马术中最普遍的伤害地点;然而,头部和颈部受伤,颈椎高位骨折,据报道,闭合性头部受伤与死亡率最高。头盔提供保护,防止颅骨骨折和创伤性脑损伤。背心与脊髓损伤的发生率降低无关;然而,它们可以保护胸部。骑行经验也在降低伤害发生率方面发挥作用。
■与马术有关的活动尽管采取了保护措施,但仍有很高的受伤风险。防护装备可以减轻一些伤害风险,但不能防止脊髓损伤。继续调查改进防护设备,骑手教育,和预防策略来减轻这种风险是必要的。
UNASSIGNED: Equestrian sports continue to gain popularity in the United States and are associated with a high injury rate, especially involving the central nervous system and thorax. Due to this high rate of injury and the potential for long-term consequences associated with participation, an understanding of the unique risks of this sport is needed.
UNASSIGNED: To describe severe injury in equestrian sports and review the role that protective gear plays in injury mitigation.
UNASSIGNED: The PubMed Database was searched using the search terms \"equestrian\" and \"horse\" combined with \"spinal cord injury,\" \"head injury,\" \"traumatic brain injury,\" \"experience levels,\" and \"demographics.\"
UNASSIGNED: A total of 53 papers were selected based on their relevance of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of injuries sustained during equestrian activities. Case studies, randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies were all included for further review.
UNASSIGNED: Systematic review.
UNASSIGNED: Level 4.
UNASSIGNED: None.
UNASSIGNED: Injuries to the thorax, including fractures, pneumothoraces, internal organ contusions, and crush injuries, have been cited in multiple national and international trauma registries as the most prevalent injury location in equestrians; however, head and neck injuries, high cervical spine fractures, and closed head injuries are reported to be associated with the highest rates of mortality. Helmets provide protection against skull fracture and traumatic brain injury. Vests were not associated with diminished rates of spinal cord injuries; however, they may provide protection to the thorax. Riding experience also plays a role in reducing the prevalence of injury.
UNASSIGNED: Equestrian-related activities are associated with a high risk of injury despite protective measures. Protective gear can mitigate some injury risk but does not protect against spinal injury. Continued investigation into improving protective equipment, rider education, and preventative strategies to mitigate this risk is needed.