Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) injury causes severe organ damage due to both damage resulting from the injury and subsequent cell death. However, there are currently no effective treatments for countering the irreversible loss of cell function. Parthanatos is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent form of programmed cell death that is partly responsible for neural cell death. Consequently, the mechanism by which parthanatos promotes CNS injury has attracted significant scientific interest.
OBJECTIVE: Our review aims to summarize the potential role of parthanatos in CNS injury and its molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding the role of parthanatos and related molecules in CNS injury is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and identifying important directions for future in-depth research.
UNASSIGNED: Parthanatos (from Thanatos, the personification of death according to Greek mythology) is a type of programmed cell death that is initiated by the overactivation of PARP-1. This process triggers a cascade of reactions, including the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) after its release from mitochondria, and subsequent massive DNA fragmentation caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) forming a complex with AIF. Secondary molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP-1, significantly exacerbate neuronal damage following initial mechanical injury to the CNS. Furthermore, parthanatos is not only associated with neuronal damage but also interacts with various other types of cell death. This review focuses on the latest research concerning the parthanatos cell death pathway, particularly considering its regulatory mechanisms and functions in CNS damage. We highlight the associations between parthanatos and different cell types involved in CNS damage and discuss potential therapeutic agents targeting the parthanatos pathway.
OBJECTIVE: Our review aims to summarize the potential role of parthanatos in CNS injury and its molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding the role of parthanatos and related molecules in CNS injury is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and identifying important directions for future in-depth research.
UNASSIGNED: Parthanatos (from Thanatos, the personification of death according to Greek mythology) is a type of programmed cell death that is initiated by the overactivation of PARP-1. This process triggers a cascade of reactions, including the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) after its release from mitochondria, and subsequent massive DNA fragmentation caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) forming a complex with AIF. Secondary molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP-1, significantly exacerbate neuronal damage following initial mechanical injury to the CNS. Furthermore, parthanatos is not only associated with neuronal damage but also interacts with various other types of cell death. This review focuses on the latest research concerning the parthanatos cell death pathway, particularly considering its regulatory mechanisms and functions in CNS damage. We highlight the associations between parthanatos and different cell types involved in CNS damage and discuss potential therapeutic agents targeting the parthanatos pathway.
摘要：
背景：中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤会导致严重的器官损伤，这是由于损伤引起的损伤和随后的细胞死亡。然而,目前没有有效的治疗方法来对抗细胞功能的不可逆丧失。Parthanatos是程序性细胞死亡的聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶1（PARP-1）依赖性形式，部分负责神经细胞死亡。因此,parthanatos促进中枢神经系统损伤的机制引起了重大的科学兴趣。
目的：我们的综述旨在总结parthanatos在中枢神经系统损伤中的潜在作用及其分子和病理生理机制。了解parthanatos和相关分子在中枢神经系统损伤中的作用对于制定有效的治疗策略和确定未来深入研究的重要方向至关重要。
■Parthanatos（来自达纳托斯，根据希腊神话，死亡的拟人化）是一种程序性细胞死亡，由PARP-1的过度激活引发。这个过程引发了一连串的反应，包括聚（ADP-核糖）（PAR）的积累，凋亡诱导因子（AIF）从线粒体释放后的核易位，以及随后由迁移抑制因子（MIF）与AIF形成复合物引起的大量DNA片段化。次级分子机制，例如兴奋性毒性和氧化应激诱导的PARP-1过度激活，显着加剧了中枢神经系统初始机械损伤后的神经元损伤。此外，parthanatos不仅与神经元损伤有关，而且与各种其他类型的细胞死亡相互作用。本文综述了有关parthanatos细胞死亡途径的最新研究,特别是考虑其在中枢神经系统损伤中的调节机制和功能。我们强调了parthanatos与参与CNS损伤的不同细胞类型之间的关联，并讨论了靶向parthanatos途径的潜在治疗剂。
目的：我们的综述旨在总结parthanatos在中枢神经系统损伤中的潜在作用及其分子和病理生理机制。了解parthanatos和相关分子在中枢神经系统损伤中的作用对于制定有效的治疗策略和确定未来深入研究的重要方向至关重要。
■Parthanatos（来自达纳托斯，根据希腊神话，死亡的拟人化）是一种程序性细胞死亡，由PARP-1的过度激活引发。这个过程引发了一连串的反应，包括聚（ADP-核糖）（PAR）的积累，凋亡诱导因子（AIF）从线粒体释放后的核易位，以及随后由迁移抑制因子（MIF）与AIF形成复合物引起的大量DNA片段化。次级分子机制，例如兴奋性毒性和氧化应激诱导的PARP-1过度激活，显着加剧了中枢神经系统初始机械损伤后的神经元损伤。此外，parthanatos不仅与神经元损伤有关，而且与各种其他类型的细胞死亡相互作用。本文综述了有关parthanatos细胞死亡途径的最新研究,特别是考虑其在中枢神经系统损伤中的调节机制和功能。我们强调了parthanatos与参与CNS损伤的不同细胞类型之间的关联，并讨论了靶向parthanatos途径的潜在治疗剂。
