自2019年12月以来，严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）已成为一种新兴的人类病毒，世界人口易患2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。SARS-CoV-2比以前的冠状病毒具有更高的传播能力，由核糖核酸（RNA）病毒性质相关的高突变率，导致SARS-CoV-2变体在全球传播时出现。中和抗体被鉴定为针对COVID-19的即时和直接作用治疗剂。单结构域抗体（sdAb），作为具有非复杂结构和内在稳定性的小生物分子，可以获得与常规抗体相当的抗原结合能力，作为一种有吸引力的中和溶液。SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白附着于肺上皮细胞上的人血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体以引发病毒感染，作为潜在的治疗靶点。sdAb已经显示出广泛的中和对SARS-CoV-2的各种突变，有效阻止和预防感染，同时有效阻止突变逃逸。此外,sdAb可以发展成为针对COVID-19的多价抗体或吸入性生物治疗剂。
With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as an emergent human virus since December 2019, the world population is susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has higher transmissibility than the previous coronaviruses, associated by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus nature with high mutation rate, caused SARS-CoV-2 variants to arise while circulating worldwide. Neutralizing antibodies are identified as immediate and direct-acting therapeutic against COVID-19. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), as small biomolecules with non-complex structure and intrinsic stability, can acquire antigen-binding capabilities comparable to conventional antibodies, which serve as an attractive neutralizing solution. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein attaches to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on lung epithelial cells to initiate viral infection, serves as potential therapeutic target. sdAbs have shown broad neutralization towards SARS-CoV-2 with various mutations, effectively stop and prevent infection while efficiently block mutational escape. In addition, sdAbs can be developed into multivalent antibodies or inhaled biotherapeutics against COVID-19.
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