Glioblastoma is the most aggressive tumor in the central nervous system, with a survival rate of less than 15 months despite multimodal therapy. Tumor recurrence frequently occurs after removal. Tumoral angiogenesis, the formation of neovessels, has a positive impact on tumor progression and invasion, although there are controversial results in the specialized literature regarding its impact on survival. This study aims to correlate the immunoexpression of angiogenesis markers (CD34, CD105) with the proliferation index Ki67 and p53 in primary and secondary glioblastomas. This retrospective study included 54 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma at the Pathology Department of County Emergency Clinical Hospital Târgu Mureș. Microvascular density was determined using CD34 and CD105 antibodies, and the results were correlated with the immunoexpression of p53, IDH1, ATRX and Ki67. The number of neoformed blood vessels varied among cases, characterized by different shapes and calibers, with endothelial cells showing modified morphology and moderate to marked pleomorphism. Neovessels with a glomeruloid aspect, associated with intense positivity for CD34 or CD105 in endothelial cells, were observed, characteristic of glioblastomas. Mean microvascular density values were higher for the CD34 marker in all cases, though there were no statistically significant differences compared to CD105. Mutant IDH1 and ATRX glioblastomas, wild-type p53 glioblastomas, and those with a Ki67 index above 20% showed a more abundant microvascular density, with statistical correlations not reaching significance. This study highlighted a variety of percentage intervals of microvascular density in primary and secondary glioblastomas using immunohistochemical markers CD34 and CD105, respectively, with no statistically significant correlation between evaluated microvascular density and p53 or Ki67.

Introduction The neurovascular unit (NVU), comprising vascular and glial cells along with neurons, is vital for maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral homeostasis. Dysfunction of the NVU is implicated in key neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP), the dissociated form of native, pentameric C-reactive protein (pCRP), is associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory responses in the vascular system, leading to increased permeability and potential NVU disruption. Methods This study utilized ApoE-/- mice receiving a high-fat diet which were injected intraperitoneally with either mCRP or mCRP together with a small molecule inhibitor (C10M) and investigated the deposition of mCRP and CD105 expression in the brain parenchyma and its localization within the microvasculature. Results Histological analysis revealed significant mCRP deposition in brain microvessels and neurons, indicating potential disruption of the BBB and neuronal damage. Moreover, co-administration of C10M effectively blocked mCRP accumulation in the brain parenchyma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for effectively inhibiting inflammation-associated degenerative changes. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated co-localization of mCRP with CD105, indicating potential angiogenic activation and increased susceptibility to inflammatory insult. Discussion These findings provide evidence supporting the potential role of mCRP as a contributor to neuroinflammation in individuals with chronic systemic inflammation. Conclusion Further studies in human subjects should help validate the efficacy of C10M in preventing or halting neurodegeneration in conditions such as AD and stroke-associated dementia.

A challenging task in routine practice is finding the distinction between benign and malignant paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of angiogenesis by assessing intratumoral microvascular density (MVD) with immunohistochemical (IHC) markers (CD31, CD34, CD105, ERG), and S100 immunoreactivity, Ki67 proliferative index, succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) expressiveness, tumor size with one the most utilized score Pheochromocytoma of Adrenal Gland Scales Score (PASS), using tissue microarray (TMA) with 115 tumor samples, 61 benign (PASS < 4) and 54 potentially malignant (PASS ≥ 4). We found no notable difference between intratumoral MVD and potentially malignant behavior. The group of potentially malignant tumors is significantly larger in size, has lower intratumoral MVD, and a decreased number of S100 labeled sustentacular cells. Both groups have low proliferative activity (mean Ki67 is 1.02 and 1.22, respectively). Most tumors maintain SDHB expression, only 6 cases (5.2%) showed a loss of expression (4 of them in PASS < 4 group and 2 in PASS ≥ 4). PASS score is easily available for assessment and complemented with markers of biological behavior to complete the risk stratification algorithm. Size is directly related to PASS score and malignancy. Intratumoral MVD is extensively developed but it is not crucial in evaluating the malignant potential.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the utility of red blood cell (RBC) CD105 and side scatter (SSC) parameters by flow cytometry for the detection of low-grade myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) in bone marrow specimens.
METHODS: Ten RBC parameters incorporating CD105 or SSC combined with the Meyerson-Alayed scoring system (MASS) metrics were retrospectively evaluated by flow cytometry for utility in detecting low-grade MDS (n = 56) compared with cytopenic controls (n = 86).
RESULTS: Myelodysplastic neoplasms were associated with 7 of the RBC parameters in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis using cutoff values based on optimal and 95% specificity levels of the RBC metrics and the MASS parameters revealed the SSC ratio of CD105-positive and CD105-negative RBC fractions (CD105+/- SSC); the percentage and coefficient of variation of the CD105-positive fraction of RBCs (CD105%, CD105+CV) emerged as significant RBC variables. Two simple scoring schemes using these RBC values along with MASS parameters were identified: 1 using CD105+/- SSC, CD105%, and CD105+CV combined with the percentage of CD177-positive granulocytes (CD177%), myeloblast percentage (CD34%), and granulocyte SSC (GranSSC), and the other incorporating CD105+/- SSC, CD105+CV, CD177%, CD34%, GranSSC, and B-cell progenitor percentage. Both demonstrated a sensitivity of approximately 80%, with a specificity of roughly 90% for the detection of MDS compared with cytopenic controls.
CONCLUSIONS: The red blood cell parameter, CD105+/- SSC, appears to be beneficial in the evaluation of low-grade MDS by flow cytometry.

OBJECTIVE: On the new era of stem cell therapy, the present experimental study was conducted to investigate renal regenerative capacity related to kidney stem cell reserve in different nephrectomy (Nx) models.
METHODS: Three- and eight-week-old rats (n = 168) were randomly divided into four groups to include control and three Nx subgroups (1/6 Nx, 1/2 Nx, and 5/6 Nx) (Fig. 1). On post-Nx days 15, 30 and 60, kidney specimens were obtained to determine renal regenerative capacity. The specimens were examined with immunofluorescence. CD90/CD105 and Ki-67 expressions were determined as stem cell and cellular proliferation markers, respectively. Fig. 1 Intraoperative photographs showing three different types of nephrectomies (unilateral total Nx has not been shown in 5/6 Nx group) RESULTS: CD90 and CD105 expressions were stronger in glomeruli, but Ki-67 expressions were present only in tubuli. When all Nx types and post-Nx days were considered, both 3- and 8-week-old rats undergone 5/6 Nx had the highest glomerular CD90 and CD105 double expressions. While the expressions gradually increased toward the day 60 in 3-weeks old rats, 8-week-old rats had almost stable double expressions. The strongest tubular Ki-67 expressions were seen in 5/6 Nx groups of both in 3- and 8-week-old rats. The expressions were strongest on day 15 and then gradually decreased. Ipsilateral 1/6 Nx groups had stronger Ki-67 expression than contralateral ones in both age groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Kidneys may pose a regenerative response to tissue/volume loss through its own CD90- and CD105-related stem cell reserve which mainly takes place in glomeruli and seems to have some interactions with Ki-67-related tubular proliferative process. This response supports that kidney stem cells may have a potential to overcome tissue/volume loss-related damage.

The relationships between CEUS parameters of adnexal tumours and postoperative immunohistochemical assessments of CD34, CD105 and bcl-2 were analysed. This study aimed to investigate whether contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) parameters depend on the microvascular density of the tumour lesion found after surgery. Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of adnexal tumours were included in this single-centre, prospective study. Participants underwent preoperative CEUS (contrast-enhanced ultrasound). Colour Doppler enhancement characterisation parameters (Ystart, Ymax and S) were determined. Immunohistochemical examination of histological specimens of the adnexal lesions was then carried out to determine the expression levels of the CD34, CD105 and bcl-2 proteins. Relationships between the aforementioned parameters were investigated. No significant statistical correlations were observed between CD34, CD105 and bcl2 expression levels and CEUS parameters, independently of whether the operated lesion was malignant or benign. Transvaginal CEUS is diagnostic for the detection of pathological neoplastic vascularisation of an adnexal lesion independent of the density of microcapillaries found postoperatively.

The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is complex. Flow cytometric analysis of the myelomonocytic compartment can be helpful, but it is highly subjective and reproducibility by non-specialized groups is unclear. Analysis of the erythroid lineage by flow cytometry is emerging as potentially more reproducible and easier to conduct, while keeping a high diagnostic performance.
We review the evidence in this area, including 1) the use of well-established markers - CD71 and CD36 - and other less well-established markers and parameters; 2) the use of flow cytometric scores for the erythroid lineage; and 3) additional aspects, including the emergence of computational tools and the roles of flow cytometry beyond diagnosis. Finally, we discuss the limitations with the current evidence, including 1) the impact of the sample processing protocol and reagents on the results, 2) the lack of a standard gating strategy, and 3) conceptualization and design issues in the available publications.
We end by offering our recommendations for the current use - and our personal take on the value - of the analysis of erythroid lineage by flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND: Microvascular dysfunction is one of the most common pathological characteristics in Type 2 diabetes. Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSCs-Exo) have diverse functions in improving microcirculation; however, the molecular mechanism of hUCMSCs-Exo in regulating burn-induced inflammation is not well understood.
METHODS: hUCMSCs-Exo were extracted by hypervelocity centrifugation method, and exosome morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, exosome diameter distribution was detected by particle size analysis, and exosome specific proteins were identified by Western blot.2. DB/DB mice were randomly divided into exosomes group and PBS group. Exosomes and PBS were injected into the tail vein, respectively, and the calf muscle tissue was taken 28 days later. 0.5% Evans blue fluorescence assessment microvascular permeability. The expression of CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence.The morphology and function of microvessels in muscle tissue of lower limbs was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy.3. TMT proteomics was used to detect the changes of differential protein expression in lower limb muscle tissues of the PBS group and the exosome group, and data analysis was performed to screen key signal molecules and their involved biological pathways. Key signal molecules CD105 were verified by Western blot. The expression of TGF-β1 in exosomes were evaluated by Western blot.
RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed that hUCMSCs-Exo presented a uniform vesicle structure, and NTA showed that its diameter was about 160 nm. Western blot showed positive expression of specific proteins CD9, CD81 and TSG101 on exosomes.2. There is no significant change in blood glucose and body weight before and after the exosome treatment. The exosome group can significantly reduce the exudation of Evans blue. Compared with the PBS group. Meanwhile, CD31 immunofluorescence showed that the red fluorescence of exosome treatment was significantly increased, which was higher than that of PBS group. Transmission electron microscopy showed smooth capillary lumen and smooth and complete surface of endothelial cells in the exosome group, while narrow capillary lumen and fingerlike protrusion of endothelial cells in the PBS group.3.Quantitative analysis of TMT proteomics showed that there were 82 differential proteins, including 49 down-regulated proteins and 33 up-regulated proteins. Go enrichment analysis showed that the differential proteins were involved in molecular function, biological process, cell components,among which CD105 was one of the up-regulated proteins. Through literature search, CD105 was found to be related to endothelial cell proliferation. Therefore, this study verified the changes of CD105 in the exosome group, and it was used as the mechanism study of this study. 4. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of CD105 protein in lower limb muscle tissue of exosome group was significantly increased compared with that of PBS group. Based on the fact that CD105 is a component of the TGF-β1 receptor complex and exosomes are rich in growth factors and cytokines, this study further examined the expression of TGF-β1 in exosomes, and the results showed that exosomes had high expression of TGF-β1.
CONCLUSIONS: By improving the integrity of microvascular endothelial cells, hUCMSCs-Exo can improve the permeability of microvessels in diabetic lower muscle tissue, further promote the proliferation of lower limb muscle cells and inhibit the apoptosis of tissue cells. The mechanism may be associated with exosomes rich in TGF-β1, which is likely to promote endothelial cell proliferation and improve permeability through binding to the endothelial CD105/TβR-II receptor complex, while promoting angiogenesis and protecting skeletal muscle cells from apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: In this study we analyzed CD105 (endoglin) and E-cadherin expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to evaluate their clinicopathologic significance.
METHODS: Expression of CD105 and E-cadherin was examined immunohistochemically using paraffin-embedded archival tissues of 72 (35 glottic and 37 supraglottic) previously untreated LSCC male patients. The mean value of the positively-stained microvessels for CD105 counted in four hot spots for each case was used as the final intratumoralmicrovessel density (MVD). A staining score of E-cadherin was calculated based on the percentage of cells stained (0-100%).
RESULTS: MVD was significantly higher in patients with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.004) and younger than 65 (P = 0.008). Nodal metastases were more frequent in the cases with low E-cadherin expression (P = 0.000). Tumor recurrence was associated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.035) and high MVD (P = 0.002). A high MVD was an independent predictor of malignancy recurrence (P = 0.021). The log-rank test showed a significant difference in the disease-free interval in patients stratified according to the MVD value (P = 0.016). Spearman\'s rank correlation test did not show a significant correlation between E-cadherin and CD105 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: CD105-assessed MVD and expression of E-cadherin are promising prognostic factors for the outcome of patients with LSCC. Increased expression of CD105 could help predict patients with an increased risk of developing loco-regional recurrence after surgical treatment. Decreased E-cadherin expression is a potential predictor of lymph node metastases.

Introduction: Bone metastasis is one of the causes that mainly decrease survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Therefore, it is essential to find prognostic markers for the occurrence of this type of metastasis during the early stage of the disease. Currently, cancer-associated fibroblasts, which represent 80% of the fibroblasts present in the tumor microenvironment, are an interesting target for studying new biomarkers and developing alternative therapies. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of the CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts in early breast cancer patients. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CD105 expression in invasive ductal breast carcinomas (n = 342), analyzing its association with clinical and pathological characteristics. Results: High CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts was associated with an increased risk of metastatic occurrence (p = 0.0003), particularly bone metastasis (p = 0.0005). Furthermore, high CD105 expression was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.0002, 0.0006, and 0.0002, respectively). CD105 expression also constituted an independent prognostic factor for metastasis-free survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.0003, 0.0006, and 0.0001, respectively). Discussion: The high CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts is an independent prognostic marker for bone metastasis in early breast cancer patients. Therefore, the evaluation of CD105(+) CAFs could be crucial to stratify BCPs based on their individual risk profile for the development of BM, enhancing treatment strategies and outcomes.