这项研究的目的是使用高脂饮食诱导的代谢综合征(MS)小鼠模型评估水果和蔬菜摄入对肠道微生物群的影响。将48只雄性小鼠随机分为4组,对照组(C),高脂饮食模型组(H),高脂肪加低摄入水果和蔬菜饮食组(H.LFV),高脂肪加大量摄入水果和蔬菜的饮食喂养组(H.HFV),每组喂养60天。在实验过程中,记录小鼠体重并收集粪便样本.采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法提取粪便细菌DNA,并通过电泳检测DNA的纯度和浓度。DNA样品进行PCR扩增(16SV4中的引物(515F和806R))。处理原始测序数据,并对样本复杂性和多样本比较进行了研究。小鼠器官系数,血脂水平,粪便TC(总胆固醇)和TBA(总胆汁酸)水平,并测定肝脏谷胱甘肽和丙二醛水平。与H组相比,H.HFV组的粪便TC和TBA水平显着降低(p<0.05),H.LFV和H.HFV组的肝谷胱甘肽和丙二醛水平均显着降低(p<0.05)。Firmicutes的丰度减少,Burkholderiales,Syntrophomonas,与H组相比,在H.LFV和H.HFV组中观察到肠道微生物群中的假单胞菌。Anosim结果显示,两组之间的成对比较存在显着差异。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)结果表明,K_bacteria不仅在H组和C组间表现出统计学差异,H.LFV,H组,因此,可以用作组间的生物标志物。总而言之,果蔬粉能增加粪便中TC和TBA的排泄量,和C57BL/6N小鼠的抗氧化能力。同时,果蔬粉预防C57BL/6N小鼠MS的机制与肠道菌群丰度降低有关,包括Firmicutes,Syntrophomonadales,和假单胞菌。因此,果蔬粉可以作为一种推荐食品,用于调节肠道菌群,预防MS相关疾病的发生。
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high-fat diet-fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.HFV), and each group were fed for 60 days. During the experiment, mouse body weights were recorded and fecal samples were collected. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract fecal bacterial DNA, and the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by electrophoresis. DNA samples underwent PCR amplification (primers in 16 S V4 (515F and 806R)). Raw sequencing data were processed, and sample complexity and multiple-sample comparisons were investigated. Mouse organ coefficient, serum lipid levels, fecal TC (total cholesterol) and TBA (total bile acid) levels, and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were determined. Compared to the H group, the fecal TC and TBA levels decreased significantly in the H.HFV group (p < .05), and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in both H.LFV and H.HFV groups (p < .05). Decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Burkholderiales, Syntrophomonas, and Pseudomonadales in gut microbiota was observed in H.LFV and H.HFV groups compared to the H group. The Anosim results showed significant differences in pairwise comparison between groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that k_bacteria not only exhibited statistically differences between H and C groups but also among H.LFV, H.LFV, and H groups, and hence, could be used as a biomarker between groups. To sum up, fruit and vegetable powder could increase the fecal excretion of TC and TBA, and the antioxidant capacity in C57BL/6N mice. Meanwhile, the mechanism that fruit and vegetable powder could prevent MS in C57BL/6N mice was related to the decreased abundance of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Syntrophomonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Hence, fruit and vegetable powder could be used as a recommended food to regulate gut microbiota and prevent the occurrence of MS-related diseases.