大黄蜂(Bombusterrestris)具有较强的环境适应性和较高的花粉传递效率,使它们非常适合经济作物的传粉者。然而,由于缺乏有关觅食行为和授粉效果的数据,大黄蜂授粉在中国北方仍未广泛应用。我们进行了一项为期三年的实验,涉及樱桃番茄(SolanumlycopersicumL.)和梨(Pyrusspp。)用大黄蜂授粉处理,以评估这两种作物的觅食行为和授粉效果。结果表明,随着白天温度从18°C上升到26°C,刺槐的觅食活动增强,如冬季离开蜂巢的蜜蜂和携带花粉的返回蜜蜂在温室中的数量增加所表明的那样。早春梨园大黄蜂的觅食活动出现了两个高峰,这与白天的温度变化密切相关。毫无疑问,樱桃番茄处理有较高的坐果率。体重,种子数,和果实产量与激素2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸处理相比,以及较低的畸形水果率。沙棘授粉能显著提高梨的坐果率和产量,与开放式授粉相比,完全可以达到手工授粉的效果。刺柏授粉可以提高栽培效率,提高产量,产生更多的经济效益。此外,它还有助于减少激素残留,确保农产品的安全。我们建议将其应用于冬季温室中的樱桃番茄,以及在中国北方早春果园中的梨的潜在应用。然而,在未来的研究中,应考虑并评估将市售大黄蜂引入果园对当地大黄蜂物种的风险。本研究为我国北方重要经济作物生产中选择大黄蜂作为传粉者和改进作物栽培管理提供了经验支持和理论依据。
Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) have strong environmental adaptability and high pollen transfer efficiency, making them well-suited pollinators of economic crops. However,
bumblebee pollination is still not widely applied in northern China due to the lack of data on foraging behavior and pollination effects. We conducted a three-year experiment involving cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pears (Pyrus spp.) treated with
bumblebee pollination to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effects on these two crops. Results showed that B. terrestris had enhanced foraging activities as daytime temperatures rose from 18 °C to 26 °C, as indicated by the increased number of bees leaving the hive and returning bees carrying pollen in greenhouses in winter. There were two peaks in the foraging activity of bumblebees in pear orchards in early spring, which was closely related to the temperature change in the daytime. Undoubtedly, cherry tomatoes treated with B. terrestris had higher fruit setting rate, weight, seed number, and fruit yields compared to those with hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatments, as well as a lower rate of deformed fruits. B. terrestris pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and fruit yield of pears, compared with open pollination, and can fully achieve the effect of hand pollination. B. terrestris pollination can improve cultivation efficiency, increase yield, and produce more economic benefits. Moreover, it can also contribute to reducing hormone residues and ensure the safety of agricultural products. We recommend its application to cherry tomatoes in greenhouses in winter and potential application to pears in orchards in early spring in northern China. However, the risk to local
bumblebee species of introducing commercially available bumblebees into orchards should be considered and evaluated in future research. This study provides both empirical support and a theoretical basis for the selection of bumblebees as pollinators in the production of economically important crops and the improvement of crop cultivation management in northern China.