长期暴露于高水平的环境PM2.5与脑部疾病的风险增加有关,虽然协会仍然不确定在许多国家的暴露低于当前的空气质量标准。这项研究旨在评估年平均浓度≤15μg/m3的人群中PM2.5暴露对大脑系统的影响。我们在英国生物库的基线分析了260,922名参与者的数据,这些参与者没有先前存在的脑部疾病。通过土地利用回归模型估算了2010年PM2.5的地理分布,并与个人居住地址相关联。我们调查了环境PM2.5与神经事件(痴呆症,帕金森病[PD],癫痫,和偏头痛)和精神病(重度抑郁症[MDD]和焦虑症)疾病通过Cox比例风险模型。我们通过神经影像学分析进一步估计了与脑成像表型的联系。结果表明,在PM2.5浓度≤15μg/m3的人群中,每个四分位数范围(IQR,1.28μg/m3)PM2.5的增加与痴呆的发生风险有关,癫痫,偏头痛,MDD,和焦虑障碍的风险比为1.08(95%置信区间(CI):1.03,1.13),1.12(1.05,1.20),1.07(1.00,1.13),1.06(1.03,1.09),和1.05(1.02,1.08),分别。我们没有观察到与PD的显著关联。在心血管健康状况不佳的人群中,与痴呆症的关联(通过生命基础8衡量)比对应人群更强(相互作用的P=0.037)。同样,每IQR增加与特定的脑成像表型相关,包括总脑体积(β=-0.036;95%CI:-0.050,-0.022),白质(-0.030;-0.046,-0.014),灰质(-0.030;-0.042,-0.017),分别。研究结果表明,长期暴露于低水平的环境PM2.5仍然对神经精神系统产生不利影响。与大脑相关的流行病学评估表明,每个国家都应按照世界卫生组织《2021年空气质量指南》更新环境PM2.5标准。
Long-term exposure to high-level ambient PM2.5 was associated with increased risks of brain disorders, while the associations remain uncertain when the exposure is lower than current air quality standards in numerous countries. This study aimed to assess the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the brain system in the population with annual mean concentrations ≤15 μg/m3. We analyzed data from 260,922 participants without preexisting brain diseases at baseline in the UK Biobank. The geographical distribution of PM2.5 in 2010 was estimated by a land use regression model and linked with individual residential address. We investigated associations of ambient PM2.5 with incident neurological (dementia, Parkinson\'s diseases [PD], epilepsy, and migraine) and psychiatric (major depressive disorder [MDD] and anxiety disorder) diseases through Cox proportional hazard models. We further estimated the links with brain imaging phenotypes by neuroimaging analysis. Results showed that in the population with PM2.5 concentrations ≤15 μg/m3, each interquartile range (IQR, 1.28 μg/m3) increment in PM2.5 was related to incidence risks of dementia, epilepsy, migraine, MDD, and anxiety disorder with hazard ratios of 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.13), 1.12 (1.05, 1.20), 1.07 (1.00, 1.13), 1.06 (1.03, 1.09), and 1.05 (1.02, 1.08), respectively. We did not observe a significant association with PD. The association with dementia was stronger among the population with poor cardiovascular health (measured by Life\'s Essential 8) than the counterpart (P for interaction = 0.037). Likewise, per IQR increase was associated with specific brain imaging phenotypes, including volumes of total brain (β = -0.036; 95% CI: -0.050, -0.022), white matter (-0.030; -0.046, -0.014), grey matter (-0.030; -0.042, -0.017), respectively. The findings suggest long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 at low-level still has an adverse impact on the neuro-psychiatric systems. The brain-relevant epidemiological assessment suggests that each country should update the standard for ambient PM2.5 following the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines 2021.