背景:基底细胞癌(BCC)是最常见的皮肤恶性肿瘤,其高发病率和相关费用逐年上升。BCC的起源与环境有关,遗传,和表型因素。其中,最重要的危险因素是暴露于紫外线引发角质形成细胞癌变,造成累积细胞损伤,导致BCC发展。个人的教育背景和对皮肤癌危险因素的认识可能会影响BCC的发展。缺乏关于风险因素的知识(如慢性紫外线暴露,晒伤,人造太阳能床,和白皙的肤色),预防方法,涉及户外活动的工作可能与BCC形成有关。
目的:本研究的目的是分析与BCC相关的近期趋势和危险因素,同时也揭示了BCC与患者的教育水平和对皮肤癌危险因素的认识之间的任何潜在联系。
方法:进行了以医院为基础的病例对照研究,共涉及141人。其中,47例经临床和组织学证实的BCC患者,而其余参与者作为对照。对照组包括94名年龄和性别匹配的个体。包括性别在内的各种因素的数据,年龄,residence,教育水平,Fitzpatrick皮肤类型,户外活动,使用日光浴室,和紫外线疗法,以及对潜在BCC触发因素的认识,使用调整后的问卷收集并进行分析。收集的数据进行统计评估。
结果:大多数BCC(n=52;71.2%)位于阳光照射区域(p<0.001),女性/男性比例为1.35比1。结节型BCC是最常见的形式(n=49;67.2%)。研究组中具有Fitzpatrick光型I和II的患者百分比(n=38;80.9%)显着高于对照组(n=50;53.2%,p=0.002)。受过高等教育的人的百分比(学士学位,硕士学位,和文凭后)在病例中的患病率明显低于对照组(n=20(42.6%)vs.n=58(61.7%),分别(p=0.033))。值得注意的是,教育水平低的BCC患者对遗传因素和慢性太阳辐射的认识明显减弱。结论:因素共存,比如皮肤癌的病史,有FitzpatrickI型和II型皮肤,从事暴露在阳光下的户外工作,遗传因素是皮肤癌的危险因素,知道压力是皮肤癌的危险因素,是疾病的重要预测因子。较低的教育水平和对风险因素的认识有限也可能是BCC的风险因素。必须提高人们对潜在诱因和预防措施的认识,以减少疾病的发病率。
BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) stands as the most common skin malignancy, with its high incidence rate and associated costs rising annually. The origin of BCC is related to environmental, genetic, and phenotypic factors. Among these, the most important risk factor is exposure to UV light triggering keratinocyte carcinogenesis, causing cumulative cellular damage that leads to BCC development. Individuals\' educational background and awareness of skin cancer risk factors may influence the development of BCC. Lack of knowledge about risk factors (like chronic UV exposure, sunburn, artificial solar beds, and fair skin color), prevention methods, and jobs involving outdoor activities may be associated with BCC formation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze recent trends and the risk factors associated with BCC, while also revealing any potential link between BCC and the patient\'s education level and awareness of skin cancer risk factors.
METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, involving a total of 141 individuals. Among them, 47 were clinically and histologically confirmed BCC patients, while the remaining participants served as controls. The control group comprised 94 individuals matched for age and gender. Data on various factors including gender, age, residency, education level, Fitzpatrick skin type, outdoor activities, use of solariums, and UV therapy, as well as awareness of potential BCC triggers, were collected using an adapted questionnaire and subjected to analysis. The collected data underwent statistical evaluation.
RESULTS: Most of the BCCs (n = 52; 71.2%) were located in sun-exposed areas (p < 0.001), with a female/male ratio of 1.35 to 1. The nodular type of BCC was the most common form (n = 49; 67.2%). The percentage of patients in the study group with Fitzpatrick phototypes I and II (n = 38; 80.9%) was significantly higher than in controls (n = 50; 53.2%, p = 0.002). The percentage of persons with higher education levels (bachelor\'s degree, master\'s degree, and post-diploma) was significantly less prevalent among cases compared to controls (n = 20 (42.6%) vs. n = 58 (61.7%), respectively (p = 0.033)). Notably, BCC patients with low education levels exhibited significantly lesser awareness concerning genetic factors and chronic solar radiation. Conclusions: Coexistence of factors, such as a medical history of skin cancer, having Fitzpatrick skin types I and II, engaging in outdoor work exposed to the sun, knowledge that genetic factors are risk factors of skin cancer, and knowledge that stress is a risk factor of skin cancer, are significant predictors of the disease. A lower level of education and limited awareness about risk factors can also be a risk factor for BCC. It is essential to raise awareness about potential triggers and preventive measures within the population to reduce the incidence of the disease.