Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising within scar tissue is a rare but clinically significant phenomenon. This comprehensive review aims to provide a succinct overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of BCC. This study constitutes a literature review pertaining to BCC, with a particular emphasis on BCC developing within scar tissue. It also provides a clinical case presentation of a patient who had developed BCC in a BCG post-vaccination scar and a review of analogous findings available in the existing literature. Despite the fact that an array of mechanisms play a role in injury-related BCC growth, the main mechanism remains ambiguous and yet to be elucidated. The review also includes a detailed description of the various therapeutic options available for BCC, ranging from surgical interventions to novel pharmacological treatments. By examining these intersections, the review seeks to elucidate the potential mechanisms, identify risk factors, and suggest considerations for clinical practice. The findings underscore the importance of vigilant dermatological assessment in patients with scar tissue and those recently vaccinated, aiming to improve early detection and optimize management strategies for BCC.

UNASSIGNED: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer type worldwide. Although there are several treatment options for the treatment of BCC, selecting the best treatment option for periorbital BCC is challenging and it varies case by case. More than half of periocular BCC cases initially occur on the inner angle and lower lid. The treatment options for BCC include radical surgical excision using Mohs micrographic technique, radiotherapy, neoadjuvant vismodegib, imiquimod, and combination therapy followed by reconstruction for functionality and aesthetic outcome. Selection of each treatment varies based on the severity and extension of BCC.
UNASSIGNED: We report a case of periorbital BCC invading the left lower eyelid in a 50-year-old Caucasian male which was initially excised a few years ago, and, following recurrence, the patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery. Due to a recurrence after Mohs micrographic surgery, treatment with oral vismodegib was started, which led to near-total tumor shrinkage. To determine the outcome of periorbital BCC treated with vismodegib, we reviewed the literature on the periorbital BCC treated with vismodegib, their follow-up period, outcome, and whether they were metastatic or had recurrence.
UNASSIGNED: Neoadjuvant vismodegib, followed by surgery excision, such as Mohs micrographic surgery, has shown a promising clinical and aesthetic outcome in the treatment of periorbital BCC.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer worldwide. Most of basal cell carcinoma can be detected in the early stages and are generally well controlled with local resection. Despite the high incidence of BCC, intramucosal BCC is a very rare clinical entity. We hereby present a rare case report of pigmented BCC on soft palate and review the literature of this entity.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain the most prevalent malignancies, contributing a higher workload to cancer registries than all cancers combined. The nature of skin cancers in addition to current coding methods employed by registries give a skewed representation of the workload.
A comprehensive search examining the incidence of BCC and/or cSCC at a regional or national level in the UK and Ireland was devised. Standardisation methods were grouped to permit comparison, and a bias assessment tool was employed.
Sixteen UK and Republic of Ireland epidemiological studies on BCC/cSCC over a 48-year period were compiled, examining incidence, trends and emerging risk factors.
Incidence of BCC within the UK is increasing annually by up to 4%, with rates in Wales increasing by up to 6.6% and 1.6% annually for BCC and cSCC, respectively. Inverse relationships are noted between BCC/cSCC and social deprivation. Although the elderly remain the most at risk, the 30-49 age group have illustrated growth rates of approximately 4%.
This review outlines increasing incidence in the UK with higher rates noted in Wales, the Southeast, West and Central regions. Incidence rates are higher amongst the least socially deprived and an increasing incidence amongst younger age groups was found, however further trend analysis is required. A more comprehensive data collection method within registries is necessary to ensure accurate representation and fluid comparison. Service planning and public awareness campaigns must be implemented to prevent overwhelming future services.

UNASSIGNED: This report serves to showcase four cases of rare, malignant primary neoplasms of the anterior chest wall [chondrosarcoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)] that thoracic surgeons may encounter, and different approaches to complex reconstruction that may be necessary following resection.
UNASSIGNED: Approximately 60% of the anterior chest wall neoplasms are malignant. The most common types of primary sternal tumors are chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. While guidelines for resection of these tumors have been previously described in the literature, guidelines regarding reconstructive techniques of the subsequent large defects are infrequently demonstrated.
UNASSIGNED: The medical records of four adult patients with primary chest wall tumors who underwent resection of the sternum from October 2016 to March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Radical resection with tumor-free surgical margins offers the best chance for survival, but results in a wide full-thickness defect. Hence, closure of the anterior chest wall defect with skeletal reconstruction is an essential step of the procedure and allows us to highlight surgical techniques and materials that have been used over recent years. Methods described herein include skeletal reconstruction with various hardware or allograft, as well as defect coverage using regional flaps, free tissue transfer, and mesh.
UNASSIGNED: Primary chest wall tumors of the sternum are an extremely rare diagnosis with a high malignancy rate. Full-thickness radical en-bloc resection is the most effective treatment option. Subsequent reconstruction of a wide chest wall defect is the most challenging aspect, though crucial in the preservation of the rigidity of the chest wall and protection of underlying structures. Different techniques and materials have been described without clear guidelines in treatment approaches; this paper serves to delineate and describe techniques that achieved successful outcomes.