Bahrain

巴林
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    宫颈癌仍然是全球健康挑战,每年夺去数百万人的生命,并对海湾合作委员会(GCC)国家产生重大影响。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),主要病原体,起着核心作用,1从HPV感染到肿瘤性变化的过程需要5-25年才能发生,因此,知道它在我们社区的流行是至关重要的2。
    搜索PubMed和SCOPUS以确定与卡塔尔的宫颈和生殖器HPV患病率和基因型有关的文章,科威特,巴林,阿曼,阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE),和沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)在2017年至2024年之间发布。
    本综述共包括19篇文章。八项研究来自KSA,四人来自科威特,三个来自阿联酋,一个来自卡塔尔,阿曼,巴林,一个人提供了来自KSA的数据,阿联酋,卡塔尔,和巴林。在KSA的研究中,HPV的患病率在4.7%到77%之间。在科威特的研究中,15%到54.3%之间,在阿联酋的研究中,14.7%到88%之间,在卡塔尔的两项研究中,分别为8.1%和31.3%,在阿曼和巴林的研究中,分别为17.8%和20%,分别。HPV16是在KSA中进行的研究中发现的最普遍的高危基因型,阿联酋,科威特,卡塔尔。在阿曼,HPV82占优势。在巴林,大多数患者有其他非HPV16/18/45基因型.在阿联酋和科威特,HPV11是主要的低危型,其次是HPV6。在卡塔尔,HPV81是最常见的低危型。其次是HPV11。在阿曼,HPV54是最常见的低危型。其次是HPV42。
    在海湾合作委员会国家,没有关于接种HPV疫苗的女性HPV流行率和基因型数据的研究。
    UNASSIGNED: Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge, claiming the lives of millions annually and having a significant impact on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary causative agent, plays a central role, with regional variations in prevalence.1 The process from HPV infection to neoplastic changes takes 5-25 years to occur, hence, knowing its prevalence in our community is vital.2.
    UNASSIGNED: PubMed and SCOPUS were searched to identify articles related to cervical and anogenital HPV prevalence and genotypes in Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) published between 2017 and 2024.
    UNASSIGNED: A total of 19 articles were included in this review. Eight studies were from KSA, four were from Kuwait, three were from the UAE, one was from Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, and one presented data collectively from the KSA, UAE, Qatar, and Bahrain. The prevalence of HPV ranged between 4.7% and 77% in studies from the KSA, between 15% and 54.3% in studies from Kuwait, between 14.7% and 88% in studies from the UAE, was 8.1% and 31.3% in the two studies from Qatar, and was 17.8% and 20% in the studies from Oman and Bahrain, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent high-risk genotype found in studies conducted in the KSA, UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar. In Oman, HPV 82 predominated. In Bahrain, the majority had other non-HPV 16/18/45 genotypes. In the UAE and Kuwait, HPV 11 was the predominant low-risk type, followed by HPV 6. In Qatar, HPV 81 was the most common low-risk type, followed by HPV 11. In Oman, HPV 54 was the most common low-risk type, followed by HPV 42.
    UNASSIGNED: There are no studies with data on HPV prevalence and genotypes among women who have been vaccinated against HPV in GCC countries.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:极端主义继续引起人们对可能导致死亡的冲突和暴力袭击的担忧,受伤,创伤,和压力。青少年特别容易受到极端分子的激进化。鉴于它位于一个经常经历极端主义的地区,巴林制定了4个和平共处课程和4个反极端主义课程,作为其药物滥用抵抗教育的一部分(D.A.R.E.)程序。
    目的:本研究的目的是报告多阶段优化策略(MOST)的准备阶段的结果,以制定由D.A.R.E.实施的和平共处计划和反极端主义计划巴林的军官。
    方法:我们开发了和平共处和反极端主义计划的概念模型,指出每节课应该针对哪些调解人,应该由这些调解员塑造的近端结果,以及干预措施应该改变的远端和最终结果。我们招募了20所中学来测试我们的研究方案,调查措施,以及现有的干预教训。共有854名七年级和九年级学生完成了一项测试前调查,4和平共处干预教训,并立即进行测试后调查;共有495名九年级学生完成了测试前调查,4个反极端主义课程,和立即的后测调查。一系列的3级模型,学生在学校的教室里筑巢,测试从前测到后测的平均差异。
    结果:初步测试结果表明,大多数措施具有足够的可靠性,并提供了有希望的证据,表明现有的经验教训可以改变一些目标介质和近端结果。具体来说,完成和平共处课程的学生报告了5个有针对性的中介变量的显著变化(例如,关于不容忍的禁令规范,P<.001)和3个近端结果[例如,社交技能同理心(P=.008);宽容信念(P=.041)]。完成反极端主义课程的学生报告说,3名目标调解员发生了重大变化[例如,自我效能感自己使用抵抗技能(P<.001)],和1个近端结果(即,社交技巧同理心,P<.001)。
    结论:有效的反极端主义计划有可能保护青年免受激进化和促进和平共处。我们使用MOST的准备阶段来(1)开发一个概念模型,(2)确定每个程序中的4课作为我们将在MOST的优化阶段评估的组成部分,(3)试点试验现有的经验教训,我们新制定的措施,和研究协议,(4)确定我们的优化目标将是所有有效组件。我们将使用这些结果来修改现有的课程,并进行优化试验以评估各个课程的功效。
    BACKGROUND: Extremism continues to raise concerns about conflict and violent attacks that can lead to deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to radicalization by extremists. Given its location in a region that often experiences extremism, Bahrain developed 4 peaceful coexistence lessons and 4 antiextremism lessons to be implemented as part of their Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report the results of the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to develop a peaceful coexistence program and an antiextremism program implemented by D.A.R.E. officers in Bahrain.
    METHODS: We developed conceptual models for the peaceful coexistence and antiextremism programs, indicating which mediators each lesson should target, the proximal outcomes that should be shaped by these mediators, and the distal and ultimate outcomes that the intervention should change. We recruited 20 middle schools to pilot test our research protocol, survey measures, and the existing intervention lessons. A total of 854 seventh and ninth grade students completed a pretest survey, 4 peaceful coexistence intervention lessons, and an immediate posttest survey; and a total of 495 ninth grade students completed the pretest survey, 4 antiextremism lessons, and an immediate posttest survey. A series of 3-level models, nesting students within classrooms within schools, tested mean differences from pretest to posttest.
    RESULTS: Pilot test results indicated that most measures had adequate reliability and provided promising evidence that the existing lessons could change some of the targeted mediators and proximal outcomes. Specifically, students who completed the peaceful coexistence lessons reported significant changes in 5 targeted mediating variables (eg, injunctive norms about intolerance, P<.001) and 3 proximal outcomes [eg, social skills empathy (P=.008); tolerance beliefs (P=.041)]. Students who completed the antiextremism lessons reported significant changes in 3 targeted mediators [eg, self-efficacy to use resistance skills themselves (P<.001)], and 1 proximal outcome (ie, social skills empathy, P<.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: An effective antiextremism program has the potential to protect youth from radicalization and increase peaceful coexistence. We used the preparation phase of MOST to (1) develop a conceptual model, (2) identify the 4 lessons in each program as the components we will evaluate in the optimization phase of MOST, (3) pilot test the existing lessons, our newly developed measures, and research protocol, and (4) determine that our optimization objective will be all effective components. We will use these results to revise the existing lessons and conduct optimization trials to evaluate the efficacy of the individual lessons.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:该研究的目的是审核2017年至2022年在SalmanyiaMedicalComplex眼科进行的原发性孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)手术的主要和最终成功率,巴林王国。此外,我们研究的次要结果包括评估复发的危险因素,最终视力结果和并发症发生率。
    方法:前瞻性观察性研究显示了研究期间75例RRD患者的病例系列数据分析。所有符合纳入标准的患者均纳入研究,并在手术前后由专业的玻璃体视网膜外科医生进行评估。所有患者均由同一外科医生手术(M.A)在研究期间。从医院的电子医疗记录系统(I-Seha)收集的数据包括黄斑状态,术前和术后最佳矫正视力,症状持续时间,增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)的存在,视网膜破裂和它们的位置,围手术期相关的任何眼部合并症,如眼压升高或白内障发展,以及与小学类型有关的操作说明,次要,和三级手术,如果需要。
    结果:70例患者中70只眼,其中男性患者占多数(74.28%,n=52)包括在研究中。参与者的平均年龄为54.75岁(范围:11-91岁)。大部分48.57%的患者在出现症状后6天内出现。近77.1%的手术病例为黄斑脱落,而22.85%在黄斑上。36只眼睛(51.4%)具有复杂的RRD和PVR(34.2%)。63只眼睛(51.4%)接受了标准的23G平面玻璃体切除术,而巩膜扣联合手术9眼(12.8%)。五名患者接受了气动视网膜固定术,两名患者患有原发性巩膜带扣。选择13只眼(18.5%)行白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体切除术。不同填塞剂分别使用35眼(50%)硅油,17眼(24%)C3F8,18眼(25%)SF6。一次手术后的初次再附着率为77.1%(54眼)。第二次或第三次手术后的最终再附着率为95.7%。术后平均视力为6/18(范围:手部动作6/6)。30%的患者的视力为6/12或更好。70只眼睛中的16只(22.8%)和10只眼睛(62.5%)在术前被归类为“复杂”,这被认为是失败的重要风险因素。
    结论:尽管存在一些需要多种手术干预的复杂情况,但我们的审核总体上还是达到了国际成功率。气体或硅油的主要用途不会影响再附着率,但在最终视觉结果方面具有统计学意义。
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to audit the primary and final success rate for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery performed between 2017 and 2022 at the Department of Ophthalmology in Salmanyia Medical Complex, the Kingdom of Bahrain. In addition, secondary outcomes for our study include assessments of risk factors for recurrence, final visual outcomes and complication rates.
    METHODS: Prospective observational study showed data analysis of case series for 75 RRD patients operated during the study period. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study and evaluated by a specialized vitreoretinal surgeon before and after their operation. All patients were operated by the same surgeon (M.A) in the study period. Data collected from the hospital\'s electronic medical recording system (I-Seha) include macular state, pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, duration of symptoms, the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal breaks and their locations, any ocular comorbidities associated in the perioperative period such as increase in intraocular pressure or development of cataract, and operative notes related to the type of primary, secondary, and tertiary surgery if needed.
    RESULTS: A total number of 70 eyes from 70 patients with the majority of male patients (74.28%, n = 52) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 54.75 years (range: 11-91 years). Most of the patients 48.57% presented within 6 days of symptoms. Nearly 77.1% of the operated cases were macula off, whereas 22.85% were macula on. Thirty-six of the eyes (51.4%) had complex RRD with a combination of PVR (34.2%). Sixty-three of the eyes (51.4%) underwent standard 23G pars plana vitrectomy, while the combined surgery with a scleral buckle was performed on 9 eyes (12.8%). Five patients underwent pneumatic retinopexy and two patients had primary scleral buckles. Combined phacoemulsification with vitrectomy in selected cases was performed on 13 eyes (18.5%). Different tamponading agents were used 35 eyes (50%) silicon oil, 17 eyes (24%) C3F8, and 18 eyes (25%) SF6. The primary reattachment rate after one operation was 77.1% (54 eyes). The final reattachment rate following a second or third procedure was 95.7%. The mean postoperative visual acuity was 6/18 (range: 6/6 to hand motions). Thirty percent of the cohort of patients had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Sixteen out of the 70 eyes redetached (22.8%) and 10 of those eyes (62.5%) were classified as \"complex\" preoperatively which is thought to be a significant risk factor for failure.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our audit overall met international success rates despite the presence of some complex scenarios which required multiple surgical interventions. The primary use of gas or silicon oil did not influence reattachment rates but had a statistical significance when it came to final visual outcomes.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)对全世界儿童和成人构成健康威胁。SARI监测计划于2018年在巴林启动,以监测呼吸道病原体的活动。Salmaniya医疗综合体(SMC)被选为SARI监视计划的前哨站点。这项研究旨在描述2018年至2022年SMC收治的SARI患者的流行病学。
    符合世界卫生组织定义的SARI并在过去10天内出现咳嗽和发烧并从2018年1月至2022年12月入院SMC的患者被纳入研究。从SARI监测数据中收集SARI病例的流行病学数据,并使用SPSS版本25和Excel进行分析。
    从2018年1月到2022年12月底,共登记了1362例SARI病例;大多数是男性(57.7%,n=786)。SARI发病率最高的是在2021年65岁以上的人群(每10万人中有155.5人)和2020年5岁以下的人群(每10万人中有887人)。大约一半的患者至少有一种合并症(54.0%,n=735),患有糖尿病(23.0%,n=313)和高血压(17.2%,n=234)是最常见的。病例数量最多的是2021年(27%,n=373),其次是2018年(20%,n=267)。在30.7%(n=418)的SARI患者中检测到病毒病原体。最流行的病原体是甲型流感(11.5%,n=156),其次是SARS-CoV-2(9.7%,n=132),呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)(5.1%,n=69),和乙型流感(3.9%,n=53)。SARI病例的最高百分比是在冬季,主要是1月(17%,n=236)。甲型流感和RSV病例的百分比在12月份最高,22%(n=39)和14%(n=25),分别。乙型流感病例主要记录在3月(9%,n=11)。
    SARI的发生率在65岁以上的患者中最高。大多数有合并症。流感和呼吸道合胞病毒是SARI的最常见原因,甲型流感是最普遍的。12月和1月是SARI病例和病毒检测率最高的月份。促进疫苗接种,及时测试,及时治疗,特别是对于老年人和有合并症的人,是降低SARI相关发病率和死亡率的关键,尤其是在旺季。
    UNASSIGNED: Severe acute respiratory tract infections (SARI) pose a health threat to children and adults worldwide. The SARI surveillance program was initiated in 2018 in Bahrain to monitor the activity of respiratory pathogens. Salmaniya Medical Complex (SMC) was chosen as the sentinel site for the SARI surveillance program. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of SARI patients admitted to SMC from 2018 to 2022.
    UNASSIGNED: Patients meeting the World Health Organization definition of SARI and presenting with cough and fever within the last 10 days and admitted to SMC from January 2018 until December 2022 were included in the study. Epidemiological data on SARI cases were collected from SARI surveillance data and analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Excel.
    UNASSIGNED: A total of 1362 SARI cases were enrolled from January 2018 to the end of December 2022; the majority were males (57.7%, n = 786). The highest SARI incidence rates were recorded among individuals over 65 years old (155.5 per 100,000) in 2021 and among those under 5 years old (887 per 100,000) in 2020. About half of the patients had at least one comorbidity (54.0%, n = 735), with diabetes (23.0%, n = 313) and hypertension (17.2%, n = 234) being the most common. The highest number of cases was observed in 2021 (27%, n = 373), followed by 2018 (20%, n = 267). A viral pathogen was detected in 30.7% (n = 418) of the SARI patients. The most prevalent pathogen was influenza A (11.5%, n = 156), followed by SARS-CoV-2 (9.7%, n = 132), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (5.1%, n = 69), and influenza B (3.9%, n = 53). The highest percentage of SARI cases was recorded in the winter months, mainly January (17%, n = 236). The percentages of influenza A and RSV cases were highest in December, at 22% (n = 39) and 14% (n = 25), respectively. Influenza B cases were recorded predominantly in March (9%, n = 11).
    UNASSIGNED: The incidence of SARI was highest among patients above 65 years old. The majority had comorbidities. Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses were the most frequent causes of SARI, with influenza A being the most prevalent. December and January were the months with the highest SARI cases and viral detection rates. Promoting vaccination, timely testing, and prompt treatment, especially for the elderly and those with comorbidities, is key to reducing SARI-related morbidity and mortality, especially during peak seasons.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    有效的规划和管理医疗废物需要将重点放在公共和私营医疗保健部门。这项研究使用机器学习技术来估计医疗废物的产生,并确定巴林一家代表性私人医院和一家政府医院的相关因素。利用了2018年至2022年私人医院和2019年至2023年2月政府医院的月度数据。集合投票回归量被确定为两个数据集的最佳模型。政府医院的模型是稳健的,成功地解释了总方差的90.4%。同样,对于私人医院来说,模型变量能够解释总方差的91.7%。对于政府医院来说,预测医疗废物产生的显著特征是住院人数,人口,手术,和门诊病人,按重要性降序排列。在私立医院的情况下,特征重要性的顺序是住院患者的数量,交货,个人收入,手术,和门诊病人。这些发现为研究医院中影响医疗废物产生的因素提供了见解,并强调了集成投票回归模型在预测医疗废物数量方面的有效性。
    Effective planning and managing medical waste necessitate a crucial focus on both the public and private healthcare sectors. This study uses machine learning techniques to estimate medical waste generation and identify associated factors in a representative private and a governmental hospital in Bahrain. Monthly data spanning from 2018 to 2022 for the private hospital and from 2019 to February 2023 for the governmental hospital was utilized. The ensemble voting regressor was determined as the best model for both datasets. The model of the governmental hospital is robust and successful in explaining 90.4% of the total variance.Similarly, for the private hospital, the model variables are able to explain 91.7% of the total variance. For the governmental hospital, the significant features in predicting medical waste generation were found to be the number of inpatients, population, surgeries, and outpatients, in descending order of importance. In the case of the private hospital, the order of feature importance was the number of inpatients, deliveries, personal income, surgeries, and outpatients. These findings provide insights into the factors influencing medical waste generation in the studied hospitals and highlight the effectiveness of the ensemble voting regressor model in predicting medical waste quantities.
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    文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:结直肠癌通常被诊断为全球癌症相关死亡的重要原因。尽管文献显示了腹腔镜手术的优越性,与结直肠癌开放手术相比,改善了短期临床获益和等效的肿瘤学结果,大多数案件都是通过公开方式进行的。这项研究的目的是比较我们机构的腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌手术的临床和病理结果。
    方法:确定了126例接受结直肠癌手术的患者。患者临床数据,手术类型和细节,我们从数据库中检索术后早期临床结局和组织学报告,并进行回顾性分析.统计分析用于评估腹腔镜和开放方法在临床和肿瘤学结果方面的差异。
    结果:微创结直肠手术具有显著优势,术后住院时间较短,降低并发症发生率,提高生存率。两组病理参数差异无统计学意义,即,取回的淋巴结和边缘的数量。
    结论:在训练有素的外科医生手中,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术在肿瘤学上是安全的,因为它显示出足够的解剖和适当数量的切除淋巴结,并且与术后发病率和死亡率的降低有关。转换为开放手术是与微创手术相关的风险。然而,据报道,随着手术经验的增加,转换和术后并发症正在减少。
    结论:根据当前的全球实践,我们的研究表明,结直肠癌微创手术在短期临床结局方面具有腹腔镜的优势,但与开腹手术相比,其病理结局相似.随着外科专业知识的增加,腹腔镜手术正在成为我们中心治疗结直肠癌的标准方法。
    BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinoma is commonly diagnosed and accounts for an important cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide. Despite that literature has shown the superiority of laparoscopic surgery, with improved short-term clinical benefits and equivalent oncological outcomes compared with open surgery for colorectal cancer, most cases are operated by open approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and pathological outcomes between laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer surgery at our institution.
    METHODS: 126 patients who had operations for colorectal cancers were identified. Patients \' clinical data, surgery type and details, postoperative early clinical outcomes and histology reports were retrieved from the database and retrospectively reviewed. Statistical analysis was used to assess the differences between laparoscopy and open approach in terms of clinical and oncological outcomes.
    RESULTS: Significant advantages were associated with minimally invasive colorectal surgery, with shorter postoperative hospital stay, less incidence of medical complications and improved survival. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in pathological parameters, namely, number of retrieved lymph nodes and margins.
    CONCLUSIONS: In the hands of skilled trained surgeons, laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is oncologically safe as it showed adequate dissection and appropriate number of resected lymph nodes, and is associated with reduction in postoperative morbidity and mortality. Conversion to open surgery is a risk associated with minimally invasive surgery. However, it is reported that conversion and postoperative complications are decreasing with increased surgical experience.
    CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with the current worldwide practice, our study indicates that minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer has the benefits of laparoscopy in terms of short-term clinical outcomes but show similar pathological outcomes in comparison to open approach. With increased surgical expertise, laparoscopic surgery is becoming the standard approach to treat colorectal cancer in our centre.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:囊性纤维化(CF)是一种罕见的多系统隐性疾病。导致CF的CFTR突变的频谱和频率在欧洲和中东的不同人群中有所不同。在这项研究中,我们根据在一个三级中心进行的长达30年的分析,在巴林王国的一个代表性CF队列中,对CF致因突变(即CFTR基因的致病变异)的分布进行了表征.我们的目标是改善CF基因诊断,介绍CF新生儿筛查并提供CFTR调节剂治疗(CFTRm)。
    方法:CFTR基因分型和相关临床信息来自一个纵向队列。我们对56名具有一个或两个未鉴定的CFTR突变的CF(pwCF)人进行了测序,并对检测到的变异进行了全面的基于生物信息学和家族的分离分析。包括基因型-表型相关性和疾病发病率估计。该研究方法可以作为其他具有高度血缘关系的非欧洲CF人群的基础。
    结果:共鉴定出18个引起CF的突变,其中15起以前在巴林没有发现,占所有群体特异性等位基因的近100%。最常见的等位基因包括c.1911delG[2043delG;22.8%],c.2988+1G>A[3120+1G>A;16.3%],c.2989-1G>A[3121-1G>A;14.1%],c.3909C>G[N1303K;13.0%],和c.1521_1523delCTT[p。PheF508del;7.6%]。虽然表亲婚姻的比例下降到50%,我们的pwCF纯合性频率为67.4%,从而表明CF仍然很大,经常相关,家庭。巴林的pwCF目前增长步履蹒跚,胰腺功能不全和经典的窦肺表现。有趣的是,两种pwCF也患有镰状细胞病。根据过去三十年的数据,巴林CF的估计发病率为9,880例活产中的1例。
    结论:确定了巴林pwCF中最常见的引起CF的突变,实现更精确的诊断,引入两级新生儿筛查和CFTRm的寄养管理。
    BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare multi-systemic recessive disorder. The spectrum and the frequencies of CFTR mutations causing CF vary amongst different populations in Europe and the Middle East. In this study, we characterised the distribution of CF-causing mutations (i.e. pathogenic variants in the  CFTR gene) in a representative CF cohort from the Kingdom of Bahrain based on a three-decade-long analysis at a single tertiary centre. We aim to improve CF genetic diagnostics, introduce of CF neonatal screening and provide CFTR modulator therapy (CFTRm).
    METHODS: CFTR genotyping  and associated clinical information were drawn from a longitudinal cohort. We sequenced 56 people with CF (pwCF) that had one or both CFTR mutations unidentified and carried out comprehensive bioinformatic- and family-based segregation analyses of detected variants, including genotype-phenotype correlations and disease incidence estimates. The study methodology could serve as a basis for other non-European CF populations with a high degree of consanguinity.
    RESULTS: Altogether 18 CF-causing mutations  were identified, 15 of which were not previously detected in Bahrain, accounting for close to 100% of all population-specific alleles. The most common alleles comprise c.1911delG [2043delG; 22.8%], c.2988+1G > A [3120+1G>A; 16.3%], c.2989-1G>A [3121-1G>A; 14.1%], c.3909C>G [N1303K; 13.0%], and c.1521_1523delCTT [p.PheF508del; 7.6%]. Although the proportion of 1st cousin marriages has decreased to 50%, the frequency of homozygosity in our pwCF is 67.4%, thereby indicating that CF still occurs in large, often related, families. pwCF in Bahrain present with faltering growth, pancreatic insufficiency and classical sino-pulmonary manifestations. Interestingly, two pwCF also suffer from sickle cell disease. The estimated incidence of CF in Bahrain based on data from the last three decades is 1 in 9,880 live births.
    CONCLUSIONS: The most commonCF-causing  mutations in Bahraini pwCF were identified, enabling more precise diagnosis, introduction of two-tier neonatal screening and fostering administration of CFTRm.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    身体轮廓手术(BCS)的发生率显着上升,以克服减肥后手术(BS)引起的问题。我们旨在评估BCS后患者的满意度和生活质量(QOL)。
    在这项回顾性前瞻性研究中,在整形外科接受BCS的患者,SalmaniyaMedicalComplex,巴林,在2017-2018年,被注册。收集人口统计学和人体测量数据。使用问卷评估BS组的生活质量和满意度。
    在929例整形手术中,316例(34%)为BCS(249例)。招募了58名(28%)接受82BS的患者,大多数为女性(n=42,72.4%)。平均年龄为37.4±9.6岁。腹部皮肤过多是最受关注的区域(n=50,86.2%)。BCS前体重指数中位数为26.9(四分位距:25.6-29.8)kg/m2。大多数患者超重(n=26,44.8%)。腹部成形术是最常见的BCS(n=172,50.6%)。在后BS组中的82个BCS中也是这种情况(n=38,46.3%)。在后BS组中,在25/82(30.5%)的患者中,发现了术后并发症,伤口问题最常见(n=14,17.1%)。大多数患者在所有问卷领域都将他们的体验评为更好,大多数患者(n=45,54.9%)将他们的满意度评为优秀。年龄较大的患者总体满意度较好(P<0.001),而就业患者总体生活质量较好(P=0.012)和自信心较好(P=0.048)。女性对身体外观的满意度较高(P<0.001),而进行腹部成形术或乳房手术的女性体力活动较低(P=0.042)。
    这项研究表明,BCS后患者的生活质量得到改善,总体满意度良好,可能受年龄影响的发现,性别,和职业。
    UNASSIGNED: Incidence of body contouring surgeries (BCS) rose significantly to overcome problems resulted from post-Bariatric Surgery (BS). We aimed to evaluate satisfaction level and quality of life (QOL) in patients\' post-BCS.
    UNASSIGNED: In this retrospective prospective study, patients who underwent BCS in Plastic Surgery Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, in 2017-2018, were enrolled. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected. BS-group\'s QOL and satisfaction level were assessed using a questionnaire.
    UNASSIGNED: Of 929 plastic surgery admissions, 316 (34%) were for BCS (249 patients). Fifty-eight (28%) patients underwent 82 BS were recruited, mostly females (n=42, 72.4%). The mean age was 37.4±9.6 years. Excess abdominal skin was the most area of concern (n=50, 86.2%). Median pre-BCS body mass index was 26.9 (interquartile range: 25.6-29.8) kg/m2. Most patients were overweight (n=26, 44.8%). Abdominoplasty was the commonest BCS (n=172, 50.6%). This was also the case in 82 BCS in post-BS group (n=38, 46.3%). In post-BS group, post-operative complications were noted in 25/82 (30.5%) patients with wound problems being the most frequent (n=14, 17.1%). Most patients rated their experience as better in all questionnaire domains and most (n=45, 54.9%) rated their satisfaction level as excellent. Older age gave better overall satisfaction (P<0.001) while employed patients had better overall QOL (P=0.012) and self-confidence (P=0.048). Females had better satisfaction with body appearance (P<0.001) while those underwent abdominoplasty or breast surgeries had lower physical activity (P=0.042).
    UNASSIGNED: This study showed improvement in patient\'s QOL post-BCS with excellent overall satisfaction, findings that could be affected by age, sex, and occupation.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景艰难梭菌感染(CDI)代表了与抗生素使用和医疗保健环境相关的重大医疗保健挑战。虽然医疗机构发病CDI(HO-CDI)率已被广泛研究,CDI在各种环境中的发生率和危险因素,包括社区,需要进一步调查。目的本研究旨在检查巴林一家主要政府医院的CDI发病率。确定CDI的风险因素,并评估感染控制措施的有效性。方法我们在Salmaniya医疗综合体(SMC)进行了一项回顾性研究,分析2021年1月至2023年6月30个月内所有CDI确诊病例.使用谷氨酰胺脱氢酶抗原检测筛选CDI病例,并使用分子测定如聚合酶链反应和/或毒素测定进行确认。该研究根据发病(医院或社区)对CDI病例进行了分类,并探讨了相关的危险因素,包括抗生素的使用,质子泵抑制剂(PPI)治疗,和病人的人口统计学。还评估了感染控制实践在管理CDI中的作用。结果在研究期间发现了约57例新的CDI病例,HO-CDI发生率为每10,000例患者天0.5例。虽然HO-CDI率保持稳定,社区发作(CO)-CDI病例增加。患者年龄中位数为61.8岁,没有明显的性别差异。CDI的主要危险因素是抗菌治疗,使用酸还原剂,年龄,和潜在的合并症。死亡率为35.1%。ATLAS评分(即,年龄,用抗生素治疗,白细胞计数,白蛋白水平,和血清肌酐)是死亡率的可靠预测指标。重症监护和低白蛋白水平是死亡的重要独立危险因素。结论本研究显示HO-CDI在SMC的发生率较低,归因于有效的感染控制和抗生素管理计划。在研究期间,总体CDI率增加,在CO病例增加的推动下;在我们的研究中进一步调查了这一类别中的危险因素,发现大多数患者在CDI诊断的过去3个月内接受了抗生素治疗.CO-CDI病例的增加强调了对更广泛的基于社区的干预措施和对抗生素和PPI使用的认识的必要性。
    Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant healthcare challenge associated with antibiotic use and healthcare settings. While healthcare facility-onset CDI (HO-CDI) rates have been extensively studied, the incidence and risk factors of CDI in various settings, including the community, require further investigation. Aim This study aims to examine the incidence rates of CDI in a major governmental hospital in Bahrain, identify risk factors for CDI, and assess the effectiveness of infection control measures. Method We conducted a retrospective study at the Salmaniya Medical Complex (SMC), analyzing all confirmed cases of CDI over a 30-month period from January 2021 to June 2023. CDI cases were screened using glutamine dehydrogenase antigen detection and confirmed using molecular assays like polymerase chain reaction and/or toxin assays for confirmation. The study categorized CDI cases based on their onset (hospital or community) and explored associated risk factors, including antibiotic use, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, and patient demographics. Infection control practices were also evaluated for their role in managing CDI. Results About 57 new CDI cases were identified during the study period, with a HO-CDI incidence rate of 0.5 per 10,000 patient days. While HO-CDI rates remained stable, community-onset (CO)-CDI cases increased. The median patient age was 61.8 years, without notable differences between genders. Key risk factors for CDI were antimicrobial therapy, use of acid-reducing agents, age, and underlying comorbidities. The mortality rate stood at 35.1%. The ATLAS score (i.e., age, treatment with antibiotics, leukocyte count, albumin level, and serum creatinine) was a reliable predictor of mortality. Critical care admission and low albumin levels emerged as significant independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions The study demonstrates a low incidence rate of HO-CDI at SMC, attributed to effective infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs. The overall CDI rate increased during the study period, driven by a rise in CO cases; further investigating the risk factors among this category in our study revealed that most patients were exposed to antibiotic therapy within the past three months of their CDI diagnosis. The rise in CO-CDI cases underscores the need for broader community-based interventions and awareness regarding antibiotic and PPI use.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的我们旨在评估孕妇焦虑的患病率,探索可能的危险因素,并比较在麦纳麦一家三级保健医院的产前保健诊所就诊的所有孕妇在每个妊娠三个月中焦虑的存在,巴林。方法本研究遵循麦纳麦SalmaniyaMedicalComplex产前诊所的横断面研究设计,巴林。使用妊娠焦虑问卷修订版2(PRAQ-R2)对513名参与者进行了直接访谈。结果大多数参与者(63%)年龄在25-35岁之间。大多数(85.6%)是巴林国民,52.2%受过大学教育。几乎三分之二的人失业,28.1%有相关的慢性合并症,3.1%有相关的精神疾病,15%的人有很高的焦虑,38%的人有中等程度的焦虑。就业参与者的焦虑水平(p=0.022)明显高于家庭主妇/失业参与者。参与者的焦虑水平根据他们的胎龄有显著差异(p=0.043),在妊娠晚期的人中焦虑程度最高(15.7%)。参与者的焦虑水平在那些先前复杂怀孕的人中明显更高(p=0.002)。此外,非计划当前妊娠者的焦虑水平显著较高(p=0.019).结论这项研究表明,焦虑似乎是巴林孕妇的常见疾病。在妊娠晚期更普遍,它的发生与孕妇的就业有关,以前复杂的怀孕的发生,和意外怀孕。
    Objectives We aim to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women, explore the possible risk factors, and compare the presence of anxiety in each gestational trimester in all pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Manama, Bahrain. Methods This study followed a cross-sectional research design at the antenatal clinics of Salmaniya Medical Complex in Manama, Bahrain. Direct interviews with 513 participants were conducted using the Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised-2 (PRAQ-R2). Results Most participants (63%) were 25-35 years old. The majority (85.6%) were Bahraini nationals, and 52.2% were university-educated. Almost two-thirds were unemployed, 28.1% had associated chronic comorbidities, 3.1% had associated psychiatric disorders, 15% had a high level of anxiety, and 38% had a moderate level of anxiety. Employed participants had a significantly higher level of anxiety (p=0.022) than housewives/unemployed participants. Participants\' levels of anxiety differed significantly according to their gestational age (p=0.043), with the highest anxiety among those in their third trimester (15.7%). Participants\' anxiety levels were significantly higher among those with previously complicated pregnancies (p=0.002). Moreover, those with unplanned current pregnancy had significantly higher anxiety levels (p=0.019). Conclusions This study showed that anxiety seems to be a common disorder among pregnant women in Bahrain. It was more prevalent during the third trimester, and its occurrence was associated with the pregnant woman\'s employment, the occurrence of previously complicated pregnancies, and unplanned current pregnancies.
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