人口老龄化,经济能力下降,忽视口腔疾病的治疗,是大约30亿患有部分/全部牙本质症或牙槽骨吸收的人的主要原因:因此,对牙科植入物的需求越来越大。为了使植入物支持的修复体获得良好的预后,足够的种植体周围骨体积是强制性的。引导骨再生(GBR)技术是牙槽骨重建和治疗种植体周围骨缺陷的最常用方法之一。该技术涉及使用不同类型的膜与一些骨替代品(自体,同源,或异源)。然而,骨再生的时间往往太长,骨质量不能简单地预测。本研究旨在工程和评估改性屏障膜的功效,增强其生物活性以改善牙槽骨组织再生。我们研究了用壳聚糖(CS)和壳聚糖结合肽GBMP1α(CSGBMP1α)官能化的膜,改善骨骼生长。OsseoGuard®膜,来源于与甲醛交联的牛跟腱I型胶原,使用CS和CS+GBMP1α进行了修改。功能化,用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺和磺基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/磺基-NHS)进行,通过FT-IR和XPS分析进行评估。通过将人成骨细胞直接接种到材料上以评估细胞增殖来进行生物学测定。矿化,分泌型磷蛋白1(SPP1)和Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)的基因表达,和抗菌性能。CS和CS+GBMP1α功能化均显著增强人成骨细胞增殖,矿化,基因表达,和抗菌活性相比,商业膜。CS+GBMP1α功能化在所有生物学测定中均表现出优异的结果。机械测试表明,功能化后的膜生物力学特性没有显着变化。工程膜,特别是那些用CS+GBMP1α功能化的,由于其增强成骨细胞活性和促进骨组织再生的能力,适用于GBR应用。这些发现表明在治疗需要骨再生的口腔问题方面具有潜在的进展。
Population aging, reduced economic capacity, and neglecting the treatments for oral pathologies, are the main causal factors for about 3 billion individuals who are suffering from partial/total edentulism or alveolar bone resorption: thus, the demand for dental implants is increasingly growing. To achieve a good prognosis for implant-supported restorations, adequate peri-implant bone volume is mandatory. The Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique is one of the most applied methods for alveolar bone reconstruction and treatment of peri-implant bone deficiencies. This technique involves the use of different types of membranes in association with some bone substitutes (autologous, homologous, or heterologous). However, time for bone regeneration is often too long and the bone quality is not simply predictable. This study aims at engineering and evaluating the efficacy of modified barrier membranes, enhancing their bioactivity for improved alveolar bone tissue regeneration. We investigated membranes functionalized with chitosan (CS) and chitosan combined with the peptide GBMP1α (CS + GBMP1α), to improve bone growth. OsseoGuard® membranes, derived from bovine Achilles tendon type I collagen crosslinked with formaldehyde, were modified using CS and CS + GBMP1α. The functionalization, carried out with 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and sulfo-N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/sulfo-NHS), was assessed through FT-IR and XPS analyses. Biological assays were performed by directly seeding human osteoblasts onto the materials to assess cell proliferation, mineralization, gene expression of Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), and antibacterial properties. Both CS and CS + GBMP1α functionalizations significantly enhanced human osteoblast proliferation, mineralization, gene expression, and antibacterial activity compared to commercial membranes. The CS + GBMP1α functionalization exhibited superior outcomes in all biological assays. Mechanical tests showed no significant alterations of membrane biomechanical properties post-functionalization. The engineered membranes, especially those functionalized with CS + GBMP1α, are suitable for GBR applications thanks to their ability to enhance osteoblast activity and promote bone tissue regeneration. These findings suggest a potential advancement in the treatment of oral cavity problems requiring bone regeneration.