目前,在欧盟(EU),电子废物链性能通过技术指标进行评估,旨在确保系统符合WEEE指令设定的收集和回收目标。本研究提出了改进WEEE流量监测的指标,超越了目前的总体基于权重的方法,包括补充流程和治疗性能。介绍了针对法国屏幕类别的案例研究。2017年,阴极射线管屏幕(CRT)的收集率为68%,而对于平板显示器(FPD),仅收集了14%。CRT屏幕的珍贵和关键材料比FDP少。因此,像钴和金这样的元素在FPD中高度集中,具有比铜(37%)等元素(在CRT中代表高比例)低2至4倍的收集率。回收是法国的主要治疗方法。然而,由于低收集,每种元素的回收率变化很大,以及缺乏技术和/或二级原材料市场。回收率较高的元素是铜等贱金属(28%),其次是贵金属,如白银(23%),黄金(13%)。除了钯,研究中目标关键原材料的回收率从6%(钴)到0%(例如钕和铟)。结果强调需要指标来支持从废物管理到二级(关键)原材料供应商的WEEE链的发展。
Currently, in the European Union (EU), e-waste chain performance is assessed by technical indicators that aim to ensure system compliance with collection and recovery targets set by the WEEE Directive. This study proposes indicators to improve WEEE flow monitoring beyond the current overall weight-based approach, including complementary flows and treatment performance. A case study focused on the screen category in France is presented. In 2017, the collection rate of cathode-ray tube screens (CRT) was 68%, while for flat panel display (FPD) generated only 14% was collected. CRT screens have less precious and critical materials than FDP. Thus, elements like cobalt and gold highly concentrated in FPD, have a collection rate two to four times lower than elements such as copper (37%) which represents a high proportion in CRTs. Recycling is the main treatment in France. Nevertheless, the recycling rate per element varies significantly due to the low collection, and also the lack of technology and/or secondary raw materials market. The elements with higher recycling rates are base metals such as copper (28%), followed by precious metals like silver (23%), and gold (13%). Except for palladium, the recycling rate of the critical raw materials targeted in the study ranged from 6% (cobalt) to 0% (e.g. neodymium and indium). The results stress the need for indicators to support the development of WEEE chain from waste management to secondary (critical) raw materials suppliers.