背景:Heterakisgallinarum(H.gallinarum)是一种常见的家禽寄生虫,可以在许多gallinailes鸟类的盲肠中找到,导致轻微的病理和减少的体重增加。由于对粪便卵数的依赖,大多数感染在商业鸡群中没有被注意到,容易出现假阴性诊断。此外,缺乏使用分子鉴定方法的胃肠道线虫的研究,这对于快速诊断和开发有效的控制方法至关重要。因此,该研究旨在研究埃及家禽养殖场中由H.gallinarum诱导的蛋鸡死亡的原因,超微结构,和分子表征。组织病理学,免疫组织化学,还检查了来自受损盲肠组织的细胞介导的免疫反应。
结果:来自不同品种的十层羊群的70个鸟类样本(本地,白色,和棕色层)患有腹泻,鸡蛋产量下降,和消瘦被收集。从受影响和未受影响的鸟类收集盲肠样品,并使用光和扫描电子显微镜检查寄生虫病。线粒体细胞色素氧化酶1(COX1)基因用于表征鸡H.galinarum。我们的结果表明,收集的线虫被鉴定为H.gallinarum(雄性和雌性),COX1基因扩增和序列比对进一步证实。感染组织中炎症标志物的基因表达分析显示IL-2、IFN-γ显著上调,TLR-4和IL-1β以及抗炎IL-10的显著下调。与对照组相比,凋亡cas-3的mRNA水平揭示了鸡嗜血杆菌样品中的凋亡活性。
结论:我们的结果实施了使用分子方法诊断异型病,这是第一份报告显示感染后的组织免疫反应:IL-1β的上调,IFN-γ,IL-2和TLR-4,而在盲肠组织中下调抗炎IL-10,Cas-3凋亡活性和核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性与Heterakis感染组织中T细胞的免疫表型分型。
BACKGROUND: Heterakis gallinarum (H. gallinarum) is a common poultry parasite that can be found in the ceca of many gallinaceous bird species, causing minor pathology and reduced weight gain. Most infections go unnoticed in commercial flocks due to the dependence on fecal egg counts, which are prone to false-negative diagnoses. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on gastrointestinal nematodes that use molecular identification methods, which could be essential for rapid diagnosis and developing efficient control approaches. As a result, the study aimed to look at the cause of mortality in layer chickens induced by H. gallinarum in Egyptian poultry farms using morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular characterization. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and cell-mediated immune responses from damaged cecal tissues were also examined.
RESULTS: Seventy bird samples from ten-layer flocks of different breeds (Native, white, and brown layers) suffering from diarrhea, decreased egg output, and emaciation were collected. Cecal samples were collected from affected and non-affected birds and were examined for parasitic diseases using light and a scanning electron microscope. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) gene was used to characterize H. gallinarum. Our results showed that the collected nematodal worms were identified as H. gallinarum (male and female), further confirmed by COX1 gene amplification and sequence alignment. Gene expression analysis of the inflammatory markers in infected tissues showed a significant up-regulation of IL-2, IFN-γ, TLR-4, and IL-1β and a significant down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. The mRNA level of the apoptotic cas-3 revealed apoptotic activity among the H. gallinarum samples compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results implemented the use of molecular methods for the diagnosis of Heterakis, and this is the first report showing the tissue immune response following infection in layers: upregulation of IL-1β, IFN-γ, Il-2, and TLR-4, while down-regulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in cecal tissue, Cas-3 apoptotic activity and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)activity with immunophenotyping of T-cells in Heterakis infected tissue.