许多研究表明,阿拉伯/波斯湾(“海湾”)的海洋栖息地和生物正在广泛恶化。然而,这可能是由于某些地区一些栖息地或生物逐渐减少的结果。这里,我们进行审查,以评估选定栖息地的状况(红树林,海草,和珊瑚礁)和生物(利用的硬骨鱼,鲨鱼,射线,海豚,鲸鱼,和儒艮),并确定每个海湾国家(伊拉克和阿曼除外)对它们的主要威胁。我们表明,在六个国家的52个栖息地和生物中,主要状态(63.5%)是“数据不足”,其次是“下降”(21.2%)和“稳定增长”(15.4%)。对这些栖息地和生物的主要威胁是沿海开发,海水淡化厂,气候变化,和钓鱼。然而,我们的发现表明,其中一些威胁正在导致严重的退化(即,有“观察到的”影响),而其他威胁,比如海水淡化厂,具有来自实验室实验或建模工作的潜在影响。我们的结果可用于指导该地区的保护工作。
Many studies indicated that marine habitats and organisms in the Arabian/Persian Gulf (\'Gulf\') are broadly deteriorating. However, this likely results from the generalization of a few declining habitats or organisms in some locations. Here, we conduct a review to evaluate the status of selected habitats (mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs) and organisms (exploited bony fish, sharks, rays, dolphins, whales, and dugongs) and identify major threats to them in each Gulf country (except Iraq and Oman). We show that out of 52 habitats and organisms in the six countries, the predominant status (63.5%) is \"Data-deficient\", followed by \"Decline\" (21.2%) and \"Increase-stable\" (15.4%). The major threats to these habitats and organisms are coastal development, desalination plants, climate change, and fishing. However, our findings differentiate that some of these threats are causing severe degradation (i.e., have \"Observed\" impacts) while other threats, such as desalination plants, have potential impacts that are derived from laboratory experiments or modelling work. Our results can be used to guide conservation efforts in the region.