PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Sea cucumbers are benthic marine invertebrates with immense ecological and commercial value. Processed sea cucumbers known as \"Beche-de-mer\" are a delicacy in southeast Asian countries with an ever-increasing demand depleting wild stocks on a global scale. Aquaculture techniques are well developed for commercially important species (eg. Holothuria scabra) to aid in conservation and trade. In the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, where the major land mass is surrounded by marginal seas (Arabian/Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea), studies on sea cucumbers are rather limited and its economic value is underestimated. Historical and current research trends indicate impoverished diversity (82 species) due to environmental extremes. Artisanal fisheries exist for the sea cucumbers of Iran, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, with Yemen and United Arab Emirates (UAE) playing a key role in collection and export to Asian countries. Stock assessment and data on export indicates depletion of natural stocks in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Aquaculture trials of high value species (H. scabra) were successful in Saudi Arabia, Oman and Iran with prospects for further expansion. Research on ecotoxicological properties and bioactive substances conducted in Iran demonstrates an immense research potential. Molecular phylogeny, biology, use in bioremediation, and characterisation of bioactive compounds were identified as potential gaps in research. Expanding aquaculture operations could revive exports and recuperate damaged stocks through sea ranching. Furthermore, regional cooperation, networking, training, and capacity building could help fill the gaps in sea cucumber research, which will aid in its effective conservation and management.
摘要：
海参是海底海洋无脊椎动物，具有巨大的生态和商业价值。加工海参被称为“Beche-de-mer”，是东南亚国家的美味佳肴，需求不断增加，全球范围内的野生种群正在耗尽。水产养殖技术对于商业上重要的物种很发达(例如Holothuriascabra）以帮助保护和贸易。在阿拉伯半岛和伊朗，主要陆地被边缘海包围(阿拉伯/波斯湾，阿曼湾,阿拉伯海,亚丁湾,和红海)，对海参的研究相当有限，其经济价值被低估。历史和当前的研究趋势表明，由于极端环境，多样性贫乏（82种）。伊朗的海参存在手工渔业，阿曼,沙特阿拉伯，也门和阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）在收集和向亚洲国家出口方面发挥着关键作用。库存评估和出口数据表明沙特阿拉伯和阿曼的自然库存枯竭。高价值物种的水产养殖试验(H.scabra）在沙特阿拉伯取得了成功，阿曼和伊朗有进一步扩张的前景。在伊朗进行的生态毒理学特性和生物活性物质研究显示出巨大的研究潜力。分子系统发育,生物学用于生物修复，生物活性化合物的表征被认为是研究中的潜在空白。扩大水产养殖业务可以恢复出口，并通过海上牧场恢复受损的种群。此外，区域合作,网络,培训,能力建设可以帮助填补海参研究的空白，这将有助于其有效的保护和管理。
