目的:探索绿地之间的关联,在中国青少年中,多种环境空气污染物和抑郁/焦虑症状以及身体活动(PA)的中介作用。
方法:2021年在中国八个省份进行了基于学校的健康调查。22,868名14.64(±1.77)岁的学生完成了标准问卷,以记录抑郁症的详细信息,焦虑症状和PA。我们计算了200m环形缓冲区中的平均归一化植被指数(NDVI),500米和1000米,并估计了PM10、PM2.5、CO、青少年学校地址周围的NO2、O3、SO2。
结果:暴露-响应曲线表明,NDVI值越低,抑郁和焦虑症状的风险越高。CO,PM2.5和SO2以及空气污染评分与抑郁和焦虑症状的风险增加有关。所有循环缓冲中的NDVI降低了PA水平较低的抑郁和焦虑症状的风险,但在PA水平较高时,这种关联并不显著.在亚组分析中,PM10、PM2.5、CO、在低PA水平下,NO2、SO2、AQI和空气污染评分会增加抑郁和焦虑症状的风险,但在PA水平较高时,这种关联并不显著.中介分析表明,PA在NDVI,NDVI-200mNDVI-500m,CO,PM10、PM2.5、SO2、AQI与抑郁/焦虑症状有统计学意义(p<0.05)。
结论:中高水平PA可以降低空气污染与抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关联强度。同时,绿地/空气污染与抑郁/焦虑症状之间的关联部分由PA介导.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between green space, multiple ambient air pollutants and depressive/anxiety symptoms and the mediating role of physical activity (PA) in Chinese adolescents.
METHODS: A school-based health survey was conducted in eight provinces in China in 2021. 22,868 students aged 14.64 (±1.77) years completed standard questionnaires to record details of depressive, anxiety symptoms and PA. We calculated the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in circular buffers of 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m and estimated the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, SO2 around the adolescents\' school addresses.
RESULTS: The exposure-response curves showed that the lower the NDVI value, the higher the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms. CO, PM2.5 and SO2 and air pollution score were associated with increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms. NDVI in all circular buffers decreased the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms at low levels of PA, but the associations were not significant at high levels of PA. In the subgroup analysis, PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, SO2, AQI and air pollution score increased the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms at low PA levels, but the associations were not significant at high levels of PA. Mediation analysis indicated that the mediating effect of PA on the association between NDVI, NDVI-200 m NDVI-500 m, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, AQI and depressive/anxiety symptoms was statistically significant(p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Middle-high level PA could reduce the strength of association between air pollution and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Meanwhile, the association between green space/air pollution and depressive/anxiety symptoms was partly mediated by PA.