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UNASSIGNED: Although evidence supports the effectiveness of psychological interventions for prevention of anxiety, little is known about their cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of health-economic evaluations of psychological interventions for anxiety prevention.
UNASSIGNED: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EconLit, National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluations Database, NHS Health Technology Assessment, and OpenGrey databases were searched electronically on December 23, 2022. Included studies focused on economic evaluations based on randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions to prevent anxiety. Study data were extracted, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed by using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.
UNASSIGNED: All included studies (N=5) had economic evaluations that were considered to be of good quality. In two studies, the interventions showed favorable cost-effectiveness compared with usual care groups. In one study, the intervention was not cost-effective. Findings from another study cast doubt on the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention in the remaining study could not be established.
UNASSIGNED: Although the findings suggest some preliminary evidence of cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for preventing anxiety, they were limited by the small number of included studies. Additional research on the cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for anxiety in different countries and populations is required.

UNASSIGNED: Urban, ethnically/racially diverse, impoverished men are predisposed to experience unaddressed depression and anxiety. The overlap of these factors creates significant mental health inequity.
UNASSIGNED: This study sought to capture men\'s impressions of the factors that contributed to their experience of depression and anxiety as well as barriers that they experienced in pursuing intervention.
UNASSIGNED: Using community-based participatory research, in the context of long-term partnerships between a department of nursing and three urban, racially/ethnically diverse, and impoverished neighborhoods, the researchers recruited 50 men ages 23-83 years. Data were collected via six homogeneous, Zoom-based focus groups composed of Black, Hispanic, and White men, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: The men identified multiple themes pertaining to modifiable and non-modifiable contributing factors that played a role in their development of depression and anxiety as well as barriers related to stigma, resource issues, and a lack of knowledge of mental illness that they faced when seeking intervention.
UNASSIGNED: Understanding men\'s perspectives on the contributing factors and barriers to mental health intervention can provide an evidence base with which to address mental health inequity via tailored care, policy, and research agendas.

UNASSIGNED: This study quantified the prevalence of postpartum mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) diagnoses among symptomatic Michigan Medicaid enrollees and explored factors associated with receiving a diagnosis.
UNASSIGNED: Data sources comprised Michigan Medicaid administrative claims and Phase 7 Michigan Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (MI-PRAMS) survey responses, linked at the individual level. Participants were continuously enrolled in Michigan Medicaid, delivered a live birth (2012-2015), responded to the survey, and screened positive for PMAD symptoms on the adapted two-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted logistic regression analyses were used to predict the likelihood of having a PMAD diagnosis (for the overall sample and stratified by race).
UNASSIGNED: The weighted analytic cohort represented 24,353 deliveries across the 4-year study. Only 19.8% of respondents with symptoms of PMAD had a PMAD diagnosis between delivery and 3 months afterward. Black respondents were less likely to have PMAD diagnoses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.23, 95% CI=0.11-0.49) compared with White respondents. Among White respondents, no covariates were significantly associated with having a diagnosis. However, among Black respondents, more comorbid conditions and more life stressors were statistically significantly associated with having a diagnosis (AOR=3.18, 95% CI=1.27-7.96 and AOR=3.12, 95% CI=1.10-8.88, respectively).
UNASSIGNED: Rate of PMAD diagnosis receipt differed by race and was low overall. Black respondents were less likely than White respondents to receive a diagnosis. Patient characteristics influencing diagnosis receipt also differed by race, indicating that strategies to improve detection of these disorders require a tailored approach.

UNASSIGNED: This analysis aimed to examine the factors predictive of service utilization among patients with anxiety and/or depression. Quick and appropriate treatment for anxiety and depression can reduce disease burden and improve social functioning. Currently, less than half of the population with comorbid anxiety and depression receives the recommended treatment.
UNASSIGNED: This analysis aims to identify factors predictive of utilizing mental health treatment for those with anxiety and/or depression by analyzing intrinsic, patient-centered factors.
UNASSIGNED: This study is a cross-sectional cohort analysis using National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2019 data. The sample size is 7,156 adults aged 18 to 64 with family incomes ≤100% of the federal poverty level. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors predictive of care utilization in this population. Variables of interest include scores on Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), service utilization, level of social functioning, having a usual source for care, and previous mental health care utilization. Additional covariates were age, gender, race, country of origin, education, marital status, and insurance coverage.
UNASSIGNED: Twenty-one percent of respondents reported using mental health services. Factors predictive of care utilization were older age, female gender, limited social functioning, having a usual source of care, and insurance coverage.
UNASSIGNED: There are significant barriers to receiving quick and appropriate care for anxiety and/or depression. Strategies should focus on reducing barriers for young adults, men, and the uninsured/underinsured. Strategies for integrating mental health services into primary care could increase the percentage of people with anxiety and/or depression who receive services.

UNASSIGNED: In this discussion, we build the case for why climate change is an emerging threat to perinatal mental health.
UNASSIGNED: A search of current literature on perinatal and maternal mental health and extreme weather events was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Only articles focusing on maternal mental health were included in this narrative review.
UNASSIGNED: The perinatal period represents a potentially challenging timeframe for women for several reasons. Necessary role adjustments (reprioritization), changes in one\'s ability to access pre-birth levels (and types) of social support, fluctuating hormones, changes in body shape, and possible complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum are just a few of the factors that can impact perinatal mental health. Trauma is also a risk factor for negative mood symptoms and can be experienced as the result of many different types of events, including exposure to extreme weather/natural disasters.
UNASSIGNED: While the concepts of \"eco-anxiety,\" \"climate despair,\" and \"climate anxiety\" have garnered attention in the mainstream media, there is little to no discussion of how the climate crisis impacts maternal mental health. This is an important omission as the mother\'s mental health impacts the family unit as a whole.

UNASSIGNED: Emerging evidence notes increased depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about populations at increased risk for emotional distress as the pandemic continues. Persons with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are one group that may be at higher risk for emotional distress.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to examine whether young adults, particularly Black young adults, with histories of ACEs report more emotional distress during the pandemic than those with no ACE exposure.
UNASSIGNED: Using a cross-sectional, quota sampling approach, 100 Black and 100 White young adults were recruited using online sources (e.g., University website, Facebook). Due to the pandemic, participants were screened via Zoom and, if eligible, completed a demographic questionnaire, emotional distress measures (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and the ACE Questionnaire online via a Qualtrics survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis examined the ACE and emotional distress relationship, and multigroup SEM assessed racial differences.
UNASSIGNED: High levels of both emotional distress and ACEs were observed. Black young adults reported significantly more ACEs than Whites. ACEs were significantly associated with each measure of emotional distress regardless of race or other covariates.
UNASSIGNED: Findings reveal that during the pandemic, persons exposed to ACEs reported greater emotional distress than those with no ACE exposure. Nurses must screen patients for both emotional distress and ACE to target those at higher risk for early intervention and initiate treatment as needed to mitigate long-term mental health consequences.

The number of benzodiazepine (BZD) prescriptions has substantially increased over the past decade, leading to a parallel rise in rates of misuse and overdose. These increases have prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to update its \"boxed warning\" and have caused organizations to revisit prescribing guidelines. Concurrently, strong evidence from clinical trials supports the anxiolytic efficacy of BZDs. Although antidepressants and psychotherapy remain preferred treatments for chronic anxiety, BZDs remain helpful in treating acute or severe and persistent anxiety that does not respond to first-line therapy. Provider and patient education, coupled with prescribing surveillance, may be preferable to an overly stringent regulatory approach to guiding BZD use.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line, empirically supported intervention for anxiety disorders. CBT refers to a family of techniques that are designed to target maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that maintain anxiety over time. Several individual CBT protocols have been developed for individual presentations of anxiety. The article describes common and unique components of CBT interventions for the treatment of patients with anxiety and related disorders (i.e., panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, prolonged grief). Recent strategies for enhancing the efficacy of CBT protocols are highlighted as well.

Mind-body interventions have gained increasing popularity for use with anxiety symptoms; however, it is unclear what role they play in the treatment of anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Although psychopharmacology and psychotherapy treatment interventions are available, mind-body interventions may be low-stigma options that can serve as effective alternatives. The goal of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of high-quality studies for the most well researched mind-body interventions. This review involved a search of the primary literature, including meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), that evaluated mind-body interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders. When published evidence was limited, lower-quality studies were reviewed. Overall, data were limited on the efficacy of most mind-body modalities for anxiety disorders. The highest-quality data existed for yoga, mindfulness-based interventions, and applied relaxation for anxiety disorders. However, findings were sometimes inconsistent across studies, and some studies were limited by small sample sizes, poorly defined randomization and blinding procedures, and inadequate control groups. Although not enough data exist to recommend mind-body interventions as primary treatment options, they may be considered as part of a larger treatment plan given their relatively low levels of risk. Future steps for researchers include conducting additional RCTs with adequate control groups, comparing mind-body treatments with existing treatments, and examining long-term effects of mind-body interventions.