超过70%的医院获得性尿路感染与导尿管有关,常用于治疗约20%的住院患者。如果管有阻塞将尿液排出膀胱(尿道),则使用导尿管来排空膀胱。在导管相关尿路感染期间,微生物在泌尿道中上升并到达膀胱,并导致感染。各种材料用于制造导尿管,如硅胶,聚氨酯,和乳胶。这些材料允许细菌和真菌在它们的内外表面形成菌落,导致细菌尿或其他感染。可以修改尿路导管以发挥抗菌和抗真菌作用。尽管在过去的几年中对抗菌和防污导管的制造进行了许多研究,需要开发理想的导管以进行超过一个月的长期导管插入。在这次审查中,我们将介绍制造抗菌材料以防止导管相关尿路感染的最新进展,比如纳米粒子,抗生素,化合物,抗菌肽,噬菌体,和植物提取物。
More than 70% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections are related to urinary catheters, which are commonly used for the treatment of about 20% of hospitalized patients. Urinary catheters are used to drain the bladder if there is an obstruction in the tube that carries urine out of the bladder (urethra). During catheter-associated urinary tract infections, microorganisms rise up in the urinary tract and reach the bladder, and cause infections. Various materials are used to fabricate urinary catheters such as silicone, polyurethane, and latex. These materials allow bacteria and fungi to develop colonies on their inner and outer surfaces, leading to bacteriuria or other infections. Urinary catheters could be modified to exert antibacterial and antifungal effects. Although so many research have been conducted over the past years on the fabrication of antibacterial and antifouling catheters, an ideal catheter needs to be developed for long-term catheterization of more than a month. In this review, we are going to introduce the recent advances in fabricating antibacterial materials to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections, such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, chemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant extracts.