在替代和东方医学中使用的各种天然化合物中,从不同生物体中分离出的毒素已经应用了很多年,和Apismellifera毒液的研究最广泛。关于蜂毒(BV)的积极资产的大量研究表明其有益特性。使用蜂产品预防疾病的发生及其治疗通常被称为蜂疗,主要基于不同种族社区传统医疗实践系统的经验。今天,大量的研究集中在BV的抗肿瘤作用,主要归因于其碱性多肽蜂毒素(MEL)。先前的研究表明,BV及其主要成分MEL对不同的癌细胞具有强烈的毒性作用,比如肝脏,肺,膀胱,肾,前列腺,乳房,和白血病细胞,而在正常的非靶细胞中观察到不太明显的效果。他们提出的行动机制,例如对增殖和生长抑制的影响,细胞周期改变,通过几种癌细胞死亡机制诱导细胞死亡,与磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的激活有关,caspases,和破坏癌细胞的基质金属蛋白酶。需要在分子水平上阐明BV和MEL的许多细胞效应,而关键问题与凋亡级联的触发有关。凋亡可能是质膜开窗的结果,也可能是BV成分与促凋亡和抗凋亡因子直接相互作用的结果。BV肽和酶与质膜的相互作用是整个过程中至关重要的一步。然而,在其可能的补救措施之前,对于潜在的治疗用途以及对正常细胞和组织的潜在副作用,确定BV和MEL的正确暴露途径和剂量至关重要,以避免任何可能的不良事件.
Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, and Apis mellifera venom has been studied the most extensively. Numerous studies dealing with the positive assets of bee venom (BV) indicated its beneficial properties. The usage of bee products to prevent the occurrence of diseases and for their treatment is often referred to as apitherapy and is based mainly on the experience of the traditional system of medical practice in diverse ethnic communities. Today, a large number of studies are focused on the antitumor effects of BV, which are mainly attributed to its basic polypeptide melittin (MEL). Previous studies have indicated that BV and its major constituent MEL cause a strong toxic effect on different cancer cells, such as liver, lung, bladder, kidney, prostate, breast, and leukemia cells, while a less pronounced effect was observed in normal non-target cells. Their proposed mechanisms of action, such as the effect on proliferation and growth inhibition, cell cycle alterations, and induction of cell death through several cancer cell death mechanisms, are associated with the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), caspases, and matrix metalloproteinases that destroy cancer cells. Numerous cellular effects of BV and MEL need to be elucidated on the molecular level, while the key issue has to do with the trigger of the apoptotic cascade. Apoptosis could be either a consequence of the plasmatic membrane fenestration or the result of the direct interaction of the BV components with pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors. The interaction of BV peptides and enzymes with the plasma membrane is a crucial step in the whole process. However, before its possible application as a remedy, it is crucial to identify the correct route of exposure and dosage of BV and MEL for potential therapeutic use as well as potential side effects on normal cells and tissues to avoid any possible adverse event.